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Bruce Freeman

About Bruce Freeman

This author has not written his bio yet.
But we are proud to say that Bruce Freeman contributed 11711 entries already.

Entries by Bruce Freeman

Municipal Law, Negligence

PLAINTIFF ASSUMED THE RISK OF AN ACCIDENT INVOLVING HER GOLF CART AND A MOTOR VEHICLE IN THE COUNTY GOLF COURSE PARKING LOT; TWO JUSTICE DISSENT (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing Supreme Court, over a two-justice dissent, determined the assumption of the risk doctrine applied to the operation of a golf cart in the parking lot of a golf course. Defendant county, the owner of the golf course, was therefore not liable for an accident involving a motor vehicle in the parking […]

July 26, 2024
Administrative Law, Civil Procedure, Employment Law, Negligence, Workers' Compensation

WHETHER THE CHILD VICTIMS ACT (CVA) REVIVES OTHERWISE TIME-BARRED WORKERS’ COMPENSATION CLAIMS AND WHETHER PLAINTIFF’S DAMAGES ARE LIMITED TO WORKERS’ COMPENSATION BENEFITS ARE QUESTIONS OF LAW FOR THE COURT, NOT THE WORKERS’ COMPENSATION BOARD (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing (modifying) Supreme Court, held the court, not the Workers’ Compensation Board, must determine whether damages in this Child Victims Act (CVA) sexual-abuse action against the alleged perpetrator’s employer are limited to Workers’ Compensation benefits and whether claims for time-barred Workers’ Compensation benefits are revived by the Child Victims Act (CVA):​ ” […]

July 26, 2024
Insurance Law, Medical Malpractice

WHERE THERE ARE MULTIPLE EXCESS COVERAGE POLICIES COVERING THE SAME RISK, THE EXCESS COVERAGE CLAUSES CANCEL EACH OTHER OUT (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing (modifying) Supreme Court, explained how multiple “excess coverage” insurance policies should be applied: “[W]here there are multiple policies covering the same risk, and each generally purports to be excess to the other, the excess coverage clauses are held to cancel out each other and each insurer contributes in proportion to its […]

July 26, 2024
Criminal Law, Evidence, Judges

DEFENDANT WAS NOT IN “CLOSE PROXIMITY” TO THE DRUGS WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE “ROOM” OR “DRUG FACTORY” PRESUMPTION; NEW TRIAL ORDERED (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing defendant’s possession-of-drugs convictions and ordering a new trial, determined the “room” or “drug factory” presumption was not applicable: … [S]ection 220.25 (2) provides that “[t]he presence of a narcotic drug . . . in open view in a room . . . under circumstances evincing an intent to unlawfully mix, compound, […]

July 26, 2024
Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress, Negligence

PLAINTIFF, IN THIS CHILD VICTIMS ACT SEXUAL ABUSE ACTION, PROPERLY ASSERTED A CAUSE OF ACTION FOR INTENTIONAL INFLICTION OF EMOTIONAL DISTRESS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE NEGLIGENCE CLAIMS, CRITERIA EXPLAINED IN DEPTH (FIRST DEPT).

The First Department, reversing (modifying) Supreme Court, in a full-fledged opinion by Justice Higgitt, determined the intentional infliction of emotional distress (IIED) cause of action should not have been dismissed in this Child Victims Act sexual abuse case. Supreme Court held the IIED cause of action duplicated negligence causes of action. It was alleged that […]

July 25, 2024
Civil Procedure, Negligence

HERE THE RELATION-BACK DOCTRINE SHOULD HAVE BEEN APPLIED TO ADD DEFENDANT DESIGN, WHICH HAD A UNITY OF INTEREST WITH DEFENDANT EISENBACH, DESIGN’S CEO; THE PLAINTIFF HAD AGREED TO DISCONTINUE THE TIMELY ACTION AGAINST EISENBACH BASED ON MISREPRESENTATIONS MADE ON EISENBACH’S BEHALF (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, in a full-fledged opinion by Justice Dillon, reversing Supreme Court, determined the relation-back doctrine should have been applied to add a defendant, Design, to the law suit. The CEO of Design, Eisenbach, had been timely sued but the action was discontinued based upon misrepresentations made to plaintiff’s counsel on behalf of Eisenbach. […]

July 24, 2024
Appeals, Criminal Law, Evidence

PRIMARILY BECAUSE OF CREDIBILITY ISSUES CONCERNING THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE DEFENDANT, THE SECOND DEPARTMENT REVERSED THE ROBBERY CONVICTION AS AGAINST THE WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE; THERE WAS A DISSENT (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, over a dissent, determined the defendant’s robbery conviction, which was based primarily on the complainant’s identification evidence, was against the weight of the evidence: Here, an acquittal would not have been unreasonable since the defendant did not possess the complainant’s wallet, no physical evidence tied him to the scene of the theft […]

July 24, 2024
Evidence, Negligence, Vehicle and Traffic Law

PLAINTIFF BICYCLIST’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT IN THIS TRAFFIC ACCIDENT CASE SHOULD HAVE BEEN GRANTED; BUT PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO DISMISS DEFENDANT DRIVER’S CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE WAS PROPERLY DENIED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing (modifying) Supreme Court, determined plaintiff bicyclist’s motion for summary judgment on liability in this traffic accident case should have been granted. However, plaintiff’s motion to dismiss defendant’s contributory negligence affirmative defense was properly denied. Defendant suddenly backed up in and attempt to parallel park and struck plaintiff. The court noted that […]

July 24, 2024
Criminal Law

TWO DISSENTERS ARGUED DEFENDANT WAS ENTITLED TO RESENTENCING UNDER THE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SURVIVORS JUSTICE ACT (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, over a two-justice dissent, determined County Court properly denied defendant’s request to be resentenced under the Domestic Violence Survivors Justice Act (DVSJA). Defendant pled guilty to manslaughter after her murder and assault convictions were vacated on appeal. She had been in an intimate relationship with the man she killed for a little […]

July 18, 2024
Administrative Law, Civil Procedure, Environmental Law

PETITIONER, A NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION FOR THE PRESERVATION AND PROTECTION OF THE HEALTH OF THE FINGER LAKES, HAD STANDING TO CONTEST A PERMIT ALLOWING THE DUMPING OF TREATED WASTE IN CAYUGA LAKE; ONE OF PETITIONER’S MEMBER’S DRINKING WATER COMES FROM CAYUGA LAKE (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined petitioner, a nonprofit organization for the preservation and protection of the health of the Finger Lakes, had standing to contest a permit allowing treated waste to be dumped into Cayuga Lake. Standing is conferred if one of petitioner’s members suffers harm greater than that suffered by the general […]

July 18, 2024
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