THE EVIDENCE OF DEPRAVED INDIFFERENCE TO HUMAN LIFE WAS SUFFICIENT AND EVIDENCE OF DEFENDANT’S BIPOLAR DISORDER WAS PROPERLY PRECLUDED BECAUSE TIMELY NOTICE OF THE DEFENSE WAS NOT PROVIDED TO THE PEOPLE (CT APP).

The Court of Appeals, in a full-fledged opinion by Judge Garcia, affirmed defendant’s conviction of reckless endangerment first degree for a series of deliberate collisions with vehicles which culminated in his deliberately crashing into an occupied house. The evidence of depraved indifference to human life was deemed sufficient and evidence of defendant’s bipolar disorder was deemed properly precluded because timely notice of the defense was not provided:

The People introduced testimony from multiple witnesses who observed defendant driving erratically, “weaving” between lanes in heavy traffic, eyes open, and with a “look of rage on his face.” Over approximately three-tenths of a mile, defendant struck three vehicles, drove through a parking lot, and ultimately crashed into a house. Defendant began this course of conduct by making a “sharp right” directly into a tow truck, causing defendant’s vehicle to “lock[]” onto a car being towed and to “hang[]” from the wheel lift of the truck. After defendant’s vehicle “shook loose” from the tow truck, defendant “sped up” and “proceeded to take off” and a short time later he crashed into the rear of a van with such force that the driver hit his head on the roof. The driver felt defendant’s vehicle “pushing” him down the road. Other witnesses provided a similar description of defendant, with his hands on the steering wheel, appearing to intentionally hit the van “again and again and again,” “pushing” it forward. Defendant next crashed into the back of a third vehicle, then side-swiped the driver’s side, causing the vehicle to “hit the curb” and to “flip[] over on its roof.” A fire hydrant pierced the roof of the car one foot from the driver’s head. Defendant “took off [] fast” from this crash, drove over a sidewalk, through a motel parking lot, and crashed directly into a house, causing it to shake upon impact. Two people were inside the house at the time and heard “screeching tires” as the car approached. Crash data from the vehicle’s air bag control module showed that the brakes were not applied in the eight seconds prior to impact with the house. From this course of conduct, and the multiple witnesses who testified about defendant’s actions and demeanor, a rational jury could have concluded that defendant was aware of the risks involved in his behavior and acted without regard for whether the drivers of those vehicles, any pedestrians who might have been in the parking lot, or the people inside the house, lived or died and that, in sum, defendant displayed depraved indifference to human life. People v Bender, 2026 NY Slip Op 01444, CtApp 3-17-26

Practice Point: Consult this opinion for insight into the evidence required to support a jury’s conclusion that defendant acted with depraved indifference to human life.

Practice Point: A defendant’s failure to give timely notice of a psychiatric defense may result in preclusion of the psychiatric evidence. Here evidence of defendant’s bipolar condition was precluded because the CPL 250.10 notice was untimely.