You are here: / / A ROCKY LEDGE UNDER FOUR INCHES OF WATER IN A NATURAL SWIMMING HOLE SURROUNDED...
, ,

A ROCKY LEDGE UNDER FOUR INCHES OF WATER IN A NATURAL SWIMMING HOLE SURROUNDED BY IRREGULAR ROCK WAS OPEN AND OBVIOUS AND PLAINTIFF ASSUMED THE RISK OF STRIKING HER FOOT ON THE ROCK LEDGE (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing (modifying) the Court of Claims, determined defendant (a state-owned park with a natural swimming area surrounded by irregular rock) was not liable for plaintiff’s injury caused by striking a rock ledge covered by four inches of water. Defendant demonstrated the water was clear and the rock ledge was open and obvious. Defendant further demonstrated the swimming area had been made as safe as possible. In addition plaintiff assumed the risk of swimming there:

The open and obvious nature of the rock shelf obviated any duty on defendant’s part to warn park users of its presence … . * * *

While it may be true that a rocky underwater surface could be less optimal for swimming than an engineered swimming pool, it nevertheless remains the case that claimant’s striking of her foot on a rock ledge was a reasonably foreseeable risk inherent in swimming in the gorge, and the swimming conditions were as safe as they appeared to be … . McQuillan v State of New York, 2023 NY Slip Op 03734, Third Dept 7-6-23

Practice Point: A rocky ledge under four inches of water in a natural swimming hole surrounded by irregular rock was open and obvious. Plaintiff assumed the risk of striking her foot on the rock ledge.

 

You might also like
NONPUBLIC RESIDENTIAL HEALTH CARE FACILITIES NEED PERMISSION TO WITHDRAW EQUITY OR TRANSFER ASSETS IN EXCESS OF 3% OF THE FACILITIES’ REVENUE; CORPORATE OWNERS NEED NOT INCLUDE FEDERAL AND STATE INCOME TAXES IN THE 3% CALCULATION; FACILITIES OWNED BY PASS-THROUGH ENTITIES (I.E., LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES) MUST INCLUDE FEDERAL AND STATE INCOME TAXES IN THE 3% CALCULATION (THIRD DEPT).
In Court of Claims Case, Inability to Prove State Was Served with Notice of Claim Required Dismissal
UNDER THE LIEN LAW, THE GENERAL CONTRACTOR IN A FAILED SOLAR ENERGY PROJECT, AS TRUSTEE OF THE SETTLEMENT FUNDS, WAS PROPERLY PRECLUDED FROM USING THE FUNDS TO PAY ITSELF FIRST; THE SUBCONTRACTORS MUST BE PAID FIRST; THERE WAS A TWO JUSTICE DISSENT (THIRD DEPT).
ONE OF THE PERSONS INVOLVED IN A VIOLENT CONFRONTATION OUTSIDE A SCHOOL THREATENED TO RETURN THE NEXT DAY WITH A GUN; A TEACHER IMMEDIATELY HELD A MEETING WHERE CALLING IN SICK THE NEXT DAY WAS DISCUSSED; 23 TEACHERS CALLED IN SICK; THAT ACTION CONSTITUTED AN ILLEGAL STRIKE PURSUANT TO CIVIL SERVICE LAW 210 (THIRD DEPT). ​
Attorney Was an “Employee,” Not an Independent Contractor, for Puposes of the State and Local Employees’ Retirement System
DEFENDANT WAS NOT INFORMED OF THE RIGHTS HE WAS GIVING UP BY PLEADING GUILTY, THE JUDGE IMPROPERLY IMPOSED AN ENHANCED SENTENCE AND CHANGED THE TERMS OF THE PLEA AGREEMENT; GUILTY PLEA VACATED IN THE INTEREST OF JUSTICE (THIRD DEPT).
ORDER WHICH IS NOT ISSUED PURSUANT TO A MOTION ON NOTICE IS NOT APPEALABLE, A MOTION TO VACATE IS THE PROPER PROCEDURE.
Summary Judgment Admitting Will to Probate Appropriate Where Objections to the Will (“Testamentary Capacity” and “Undue Influence”) Not Supported

Categories

Sign Up for the Mailing List to Be Notified When the Site Is Updated.

  • This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

Copyright © 2026 New York Appellate Digest, Inc.
Site by CurlyHost | Privacy Policy

THE SPEEDY TRIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR A JUVENILE DELINQUENCY PROCEEDING WERE VIOLATED... THE JUDGE SHOULD HAVE ALLOWED TIME FOR OBJECTIONS TO PETITIONER’S APPLICATION...