DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO VACATE PURSUANT TO CPLR 5015(A) FOR LACK OF PERSONAL JURISDICTION SHOULD HAVE BEEN DENIED; DEFENDANT WAIVED THE LACK-OF-JURISDICTION DEFENSE BY SUBMITTING A LETTER TO SUPREME COURT ADDRESSING THE MERITS (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing the grant of defendant’s motion to vacate pursuant to CPLR 5015(a) for lack of personal jurisdiction, determined defendant waived the lack-of-jurisdiction defense by submitting a letter to Supreme Court addressing the merits of the action and stating he would represent himself:

“A defendant may waive the issue of . . . personal jurisdiction by appearing in an action, either formally or informally, without raising the defense of lack of personal jurisdiction in an answer or pre-answer motion to dismiss” … . “A defendant may appear informally by actively litigating the action before the court” … . “When a party becomes ‘an actor in a suit’ is often a question of degree and of evaluation of the particular facts … . By participating in a lawsuit on the merits, a party “indicates an intention to submit to the court’s jurisdiction over the action, and by appearing informally in this manner, the defendant confers in personam jurisdiction on the court” … .

Here, the defendant waived the defense of lack of personal jurisdiction by submitting a letter to the Supreme Court addressing the merits of the action and stating that he would represent himself in the action, all without objecting to the court’s jurisdiction … . Moreover, more than four years after the commencement of this action, the defendant successfully moved to restore the action to the active calendar and sought further affirmative relief without moving to dismiss the complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction … . Foote v Foote, 2026 NY Slip Op 04842, Second Dept 8-5-26

Practice Point: There is no time limit for a motion to vacate pursuant to CPLR 5015(a) for lack of personal jurisdiction. Here, however, defendant waived the defense by participating in the action.