THE JUDGE SHOULD NOT HAVE REMOVED RESPONDENT CO-TRUSTEE WITHOUT A HEARING, CRITERIA EXPLAINED (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing (modifying) Surrogate’s Court, determined the respondent co-trustee should not have been removed without a hearing. Where the facts are disputed, a hearing is required:

… “[The] removal of a fiduciary pursuant to SCPA 711 [or] 719 is equivalent to ‘a judicial nullification of the [settlor’s] choice and may only be decreed when the grounds set forth in the relevant statutes have been clearly established’ ” … . Under either SCPA 711 or 719, ” ‘[t]he Surrogate may remove without a hearing only where the misconduct is established by undisputed facts or concessions [or] where the fiduciary’s in-court conduct causes such facts to be within the court’s knowledge’ ” … , and the removal of a trustee without a hearing “will constitute an abuse of discretion ‘where the facts are disputed, where conflicting inferences may be drawn therefrom . . . or where there are claimed mitigating facts that, if established, would render summary removal an inappropriate remedy’ ” … . Here, in response to the factual averments by petitioners as to his misconduct, respondent submitted, inter alia, an affidavit in which he denied having ever improperly removed Trust assets or interfering with the leasing of Trust property, explained how his actions accorded—in his view—with his powers and obligations under the Trust documents, and disputed petitioners’ underlying factual averments. Presented with the competing claims, a hearing was required inasmuch as “the Surrogate must make a credibility determination concerning those issues, and then exercise [their] discretion concerning whether respondent should be removed from [his] appointment[ ]” … . Matter of Simmons (Simmons), 2026 NY Slip Op 04675, Fourth Dept 7-24-26

Practice Point: Consult this decision for insight into when a hearing is required before a co-trustee can be removed under the Surrogate’s Court Procedure Act (SPCA).