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THE WARRANT AUTHORIZING THE SEARCH OF THE CONTENTS OF DEFENDANT’S CELL PHONE DID NOT RESTRICT THE SEARCH TO EVIDENCE OF ANY PARTICULAR CRIME AND DID NOT INCORPORATE THE POLICE INVESTIGATOR’S AFFIDAVIT WHICH PURPORTEDLY LAID OUT THE BASIS FOR FINDING PROBABLE CAUSE; THE WARRANT DID NOT MEET THE “PARTICULARITY REQUIREMENT” (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing defendant’s conviction by guilty plea, determined the motion to suppress evidence seized from defendant’s cell phone should have been granted because the search warrant lacked particularity:

A search warrant must be “specific enough to leave no discretion to the executing officer” … . To meet the particularity requirement, a search warrant must (1) “identify the specific offense for which the police have established probable cause,” (2) “describe the place to be searched,” and (3) “specify the items to be seized by their relation to designated crimes” … . Here, the search warrant authorized and directed the police to search for … “cellular phones (including contents)” located in defendant’s vehicle. Significantly, the search was not restricted by reference to any particular crime. Thus, the search warrant failed to meet the particularity requirement and left discretion over the search to the executing officers …. The search warrant states that an affidavit from a police investigator provided the basis for the finding of probable cause for the search. Although that affidavit contained information about the crime and defendant’s exchange of text messages with the victim before the crime, the mere mention in a search warrant of an affidavit or application “does not save the warrant from its facial invalidity” where the search warrant contains no language incorporating that document … . People v Wiggins, 2024 NY Slip Op 03614, Fourth Dept 7-3-24

Practice Point: A search warrant which does not restrict the search to evidence of a particular crime is invalid because it fails to meet the particularity requirement.

Practice Point: Reference in a search warrant to an affidavit which is not incorporated into the warrant doesn’t overcome the defect.

 

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