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ALTHOUGH THE WARRANTLESS SEARCH OF THE INTERIOR OF THE CAR FOR MARIJUANA WAS JUSTIFIED, THE FORGED CREDIT CARDS SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN EXAMINED AND SIEZED; THERE WAS NOTHING ABOUT THE CARDS WHICH INDICATED THEY WERE CONTRABAND UNDER THE “PLAIN VIEW” DOCTRINE; THE COMPREHENSIVE DISCUSSION OF THE CRITERIA FOR WARRANTLESS SEARCHES UNDER THE NYS CONSTITUTION IS WORTH CONSULTING (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, in a comprehensive decision addressing the criteria for warrantless searches under the NYS Constitution, determined the credit cards seized in a legitimate warrantless automobile search for marijuana should have been suppressed. Although it turned out the credit cards were forged, there was nothing about their appearance which justified ascertaining the names on the cards under the “plain view” doctrine:

The record here established that Officer Zaleski had probable cause to search the center console of the vehicle—and the small zippered wallet that was contained within it—for the presence of marihuana … . * * *

Although Officer Zaleski lawfully encountered the three credit cards when he opened the zippered wallet to see whether there was marihuana inside it, the facts available to Officer Zaleski at the time he opened the zippered wallet would not “warrant a [person] of reasonable caution in the belief that [the credit cards] may be contraband” … . Indeed, at the time Officer Zaleski opened the zippered wallet, there was no evidence connecting the defendant to any burglary, or any other reason to believe that the three credit cards in the zippered wallet were stolen, forged, or otherwise illicit … . * * *

On this record, Officer Zaleski’s discovery of three credit cards stacked inside a small zippered wallet was insufficient, without more, to justify an additional search that went beyond the search for marihuana. People v Mosquito, 2021 NY Slip Op 04620, Second Dept 8-4-21

 

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