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WARRANTLESS SEARCH OF A PAROLEE’S EMPTY CAR WAS LAWFUL, NOTWITHSTANDING THE SEARCH WAS DONE BY A POLICE OFFICER, NOT A PAROLE OFFICER.

The Court of Appeals, in a full-fledged opinion by Judge Stein, determined the warrantless search of a parolee’s empty car and seizure of a firearm by police officers was lawful. Defendant parolee argued only a parole officer, not a police officer, could conduct a lawful search. The Court of Appeals held that a parolee’s reduced expectation of privacy applied irrespective of whether a parole or police officer conducted the search:

In Huntley [43 NY2d 175, 181 …] we distinguished between parole officers and police officers, noting that searches that may be reasonably justified if undertaken by a parole officer are not necessarily constitutional if undertaken by a police officer … . Nevertheless, we concomitantly observed that, “in any evaluation of the reasonableness of a particular search or seizure,” whether undertaken by parole or police officers, “the fact of defendant’s status as a parolee is always relevant and may be critical” … .

On the facts presented here, Huntley does not compel the conclusion that the search was unconstitutional … . The detectives had a high degree of individualized suspicion based on a tip from a known individual — who correctly identified defendant’s vehicle and its location — indicating that defendant had a firearm in his vehicle, the recent arrival of which was corroborated by the absence of the vehicle during the detectives’ earlier visit and the warmth of the hood. In light of this tip, taken together with defendant’s reduced expectation of privacy, there is support in the record for the conclusion that the search of defendant’s vehicle was lawful and reasonable … . People v McMillan, 2017 NY Slip Op 03446, CtApp 5-2-17

 

CRIMINAL LAW (WARRANTLESS SEARCH OF A PAROLEE’S EMPTY CAR WAS LAWFUL, NOTWITHSTANDING THE SEARCH WAS DONE BY A POLICE OFFICER, NOT A PAROLE OFFICER)/SEARCH AND SEIZURE (WARRANTLESS SEARCH OF A PAROLEE’S EMPTY CAR WAS LAWFUL, NOTWITHSTANDING THE SEARCH WAS DONE BY A POLICE OFFICER, NOT A PAROLE OFFICER)/SUPPRESSION (CRIMINAL LAW, (WARRANTLESS SEARCH OF A PAROLEE’S EMPTY CAR WAS LAWFUL, NOTWITHSTANDING THE SEARCH WAS DONE BY A POLICE OFFICER, NOT A PAROLE OFFICER)/EVIDENCE (CRIMINAL LAW, SEARCH AND SEIZURE, WARRANTLESS SEARCH OF A PAROLEE’S EMPTY CAR WAS LAWFUL, NOTWITHSTANDING THE SEARCH WAS DONE BY A POLICE OFFICER, NOT A PAROLE OFFICER)/PAROLEES (REDUCED EXPECTATION OF PRIVACY, SEARCH AND SEIZURE, WARRANTLESS SEARCH OF A PAROLEE’S EMPTY CAR WAS LAWFUL, NOTWITHSTANDING THE SEARCH WAS DONE BY A POLICE OFFICER, NOT A PAROLE OFFICER)

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EVEN THOUGH DEFENDANT RELIED SOLELY ON THE PROSECUTION’S EVIDENCE TO RAISE... NO OUT-OF-POCKET LOSS ALLEGED, FRAUDULENT INDUCEMENT CAUSE OF ACTION PROPERLY...