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Motion to Vacate Conviction Should Not Have Been Granted—Hearsay Statement Exonerating Defendant Did Not Meet the Criteria for a Statement Against Penal Interest and Should Not Have Been Admitted—The Underlying Evidence Was Not Newly Discovered Because Defendant Was Aware of It at the Time of Trial–Defendant Did Not Provide the Evidence at Trial Because He Feared Retaliation by Gang Members

The Fourth Department determined defendant’s motion to vacate his conviction should not have been granted.  The hearsay statement made by Jackson which exonerated defendant did not meet the criteria for a statement against penal interest and should not have been admitted in evidence.  The evidence involved was not newly discovered.  Defendant did not provide the evidence at trial out of fear of retaliation by gang members:

… [T]he court erred in admitting Jackson’s statement in evidence at the hearing, and, in any event, the statement would not be admissible at trial. This is vital because ” [i]mplicit in th[e] ground for vacating a judgment of conviction is that the newly discovered evidence be admissible’ ” … . Here, the court admitted the statement at the hearing as a declaration against penal interest, but it is well settled that “[f]or a statement against penal interest to be admissible the interest compromised must be such as to all but rule out’ motive to falsify, [and] the declarant must be conscious of the consequences of his statement at the time it is made . . . Those assurances of probative value, which might in a proper case substitute for cross-examination, were not present in this case” … . Although a less stringent standard applies where, as here, the declaration is offered by defendant to exonerate himself rather than by the People, to inculpate him… , none of the requirements was met here. To the contrary, the statement of the gang member was provided only after he was assured that he would not be prosecuted for any information that he provided, thus removing any indicia of reliability regarding that information… . …

Even assuming, arguendo, that Jackson’s statement was properly admitted at the hearing, and further assuming, arguendo, that the information he provided is material, noncumulative, and does not merely impeach or contradict the record evidence, we conclude that the information was known to defendant at the time of the trial … . We cannot agree with the court that it was in effect “newly discovered” based on defendant’s fear of physical harm to himself and his family. “A defendant who chooses to withhold evidence should not be given a new trial on the basis of the evidence thus withheld’ ” … . Therefore, the evidence does not satisfy the requirement that it was “discovered since the entry of a judgment based upon a verdict of guilty after trial” … . People v Backus, 2015 NY Slip Op 05330, 4th Dept 6-19-15

 

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