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Waiver of Appeal Invalid

The Second Department determined defendant’s waiver of his right to appeal, which included a written waiver, was invalid:

A waiver of the right to appeal is effective only so long as the record demonstrates that it was made knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily” … . ” Though a trial court need not engage in any particular litany’ or catechism in satisfying itself that a defendant had entered a knowing, intelligent and voluntary appeal waiver, a trial court must make certain that a defendant’s understanding’ of the waiver . . . is evident on the face of the record” … . Further, it must be made clear to the defendant that an appeal waiver ” is separate and distinct from those rights automatically forfeited upon a plea of guilty'” … . “A detailed written waiver can supplement a court’s on-the-record explanation of what a waiver of the right to appeal entails, but a written waiver does not, standing alone, provide sufficient assurance that the defendant is knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily giving up his or her right to appeal as a condition of the plea agreement'” … .

Here, although the defendant executed a written waiver of his right to appeal, the defendant’s understanding of the appeal waiver is not evident on the face of the record due to the deficiency of the oral colloquy conducted by the Supreme Court in light of the absence of any mention of the waiver during the discussion of the terms of the plea. After the plea agreement had been reached, the court told the defendant that “[b]efore I accept your plea, you need to sign a waiver of your right to appeal.” First, the court’s “terse colloquy [which included this mandatory-sounding language] at the plea allocution failed to sufficiently advise the defendant of the nature of his right to appeal” … . Second, the court suggested that the right to appeal is automatically forfeited upon pleading guilty when it advised the defendant that the written appeal waiver “tells me you understand the rights you have waived by pleading guilty” … . Accordingly, under these circumstances, including the defendant’s relative inexperience with the criminal justice system …, the defendant’s appeal waiver was invalid … .  People v Pressley, 2014 NY Slip Op 02461, 2nd Dept 4-9-14

 

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