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Petitioner Entitled to Attorney’s Fees Based on Respondent’s Failure to Timely Respond to Requests for Information

The Third Department determined petitioner should be granted attorney’s fees because of respondent’s ignoring a FOIL request until an Article 78 proceeding was brought.  Even though respondent indicated the requested documents didn’t exist, the Third Department ruled that petitioner had “prevailed” in the FOIL proceedings and was therefore entitled to attorney’s fees:

By commencing this proceeding to force respondent to respond to its request, after a tortuous history, petitioner finally “received all the information that it requested and to which it was entitled in response to the underlying FOIL litigation, [and thus] it may  be said to have substantially prevailed within the meaning of Public Officers Law § 89 (4) ©” … .

The fact that full compliance with the statute was finally achieved in the form of a certification that the requested record could not be found after a diligent search, as opposed to the production of responsive documents, does not preclude a  petitioner from being  found  to have substantially prevailed, for the petitioner received the full and only response available pursuant to the statute under the circumstances. As we have emphasized, the counsel fee provision was added in recognition that persons seeking to force an agency to respond to a proper FOIL request “must engage in costly litigation,” and the statute was recently amended “in order to ‘create a clear deterrent to unreasonable delays and denials of access [and thereby] encourage every unit of government to make a good faith effort to comply with the requirements of FOIL’”… . Matter of Legal Aid Society v NYS Department of Corrections …, 515257, 3rd Dept 4-4-13

 

Disciplinary Actions by SUNY School Did Not Violate Student’s Due Process Rights 

In upholding the disciplinary action taken by a SUNY school against a student, the Third Department determined the student’s due process rights had not been violated:

Petitioner’s due  process rights were  not violated in as much as he was given written notice of the charges prior to the hearing, the name of the witness against him, the opportunity to present a defense and have the assistance of an advisor at the hearing, and a statement detailing the factual findings, evidence relied upon and discipline imposed… .  Matter of Schwarzmueller v SUNY Potsdam, et al, 515193, 3rd Dept 4-4-13

COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

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Appeal Found “Frivilous”

In finding an appeal frivolous, the Third Department wrote:

We also are persuaded that defendant’s pursuit of this appeal is frivolous within the meaning of 22 NYCRR 130-1.1 (c) (2) and, therefore, plaintiff is entitled to an award of reasonable counsel fees incurred in responding thereto.  … [O]nce  plaintiff was  awarded  partial summary  judgment  in February 2011 and secured a judgment in its favor, defendant had several permissible options, such as appealing the underlying order and judgment or paying – in full – the amount awarded to plaintiff.  Instead, defendant continued to dispute the sum due by delaying payment, thereby compelling plaintiff to move for the turnover order and, ultimately, to expend resources responding to the instant appeal seeking $825.55.  Such conduct, in our view, warrants an award of reasonable counsel fees incurred in responding to this appeal, and this matter is remitted to Supreme Court for a determination of the amount of such fees … .  Defendant’s remaining arguments, to the extent not specifically addressed, have been considered and found to be  lacking in merit.  Valley Psychological, PC v … Geico, 514672, 3rd Dept 4-4-13

 

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Sexual Harassment Created Hostile Work Environment/Firing Was Impermissible Retaliation 

The Third Department upheld a finding by the New York State Division of Human Rights that petitioner, the owner of a restaurant, had created a hostile work environment and had retaliated against two female employees by firing them after they filed sexual harassment complaints.  Matter of West Taghanic Diner, II, Inc v NYS Division of Human Rights, 514133, 3rd Dept 4-4-13

 

Pit Bull Acted in Self-Defense and Should Not Have Been Deemed “Dangerous;” ”Dangerous” Finding Can Not Be Based Solely On the Dog’s Breed

The Third Department determined that a pit bull had acted in self-defense when attacked by another dog which broke free of its leash and, on that basis, reversed the “dangerous dog” finding.  The Third Department noted that a “dangerous dog” finding should not be based solely on the breed of the dog:

The condemnation of an individual dog in the context of a dangerous dog proceeding solely by virtue of its breed is without any legal basis. We have  repeatedly  held  that  “‘there is no  persuasive  authority  for the proposition that a court should take judicial notice of the ferocity of any  particular type or breed  of domestic animal'” … .  Matter of People … v Shanks, 514029, 3rd Dept 4-4-13

DOG BITE

Second Summary Judgment Motion to Address Deficiencies in First Motion Should Not Have Been Entertained

In holding that a second summary judgment motion which addressed deficiencies in the first summary judgment motion should not have been entertained, the Third Department wrote:

…[W]e agree with plaintiff that  the Town’s summary  judgment  motion  should not have  been  considered. “‘[M]ultiple summary judgment motions in the same action should be discouraged in the absence of a showing of newly discovered evidence or other  sufficient cause'”  …. Here, the Town’s second motion for summary judgment was made solely upon the added affidavit of its Highway Superintendent, which was submitted to address the deficiencies in the Town’s proof as outlined by our prior decision. However, such affidavit was not new evidence, as no reason was given why it could not have been submitted with the initial motion … . For the same reason, this evidence could not have been a valid basis to grant renewal of the first summary judgment motion … . We discern no valid purpose for allowing a successive summary judgment motion that is based solely upon a party’s belated attempt to remedy its inadequate initial proffer, without any valid explanation as to why the additional evidence was not offered in the first instance.  Keating v Town of Burke, 515400, 3rd Dept 4-4-13

 

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“Prompt Outcry” Exception to Hearsay Rule Applied to Complaint Made After Several Days

The Third Department determined the “prompt outcry” exception to the hearsay rule applied to a very young victim who complained about the incident after several days:

Under the prompt outcry rule, “evidence that a victim of sexual assault promptly complained about the incident is admissible to corroborate the allegation that an assault took place” … . “‘[P]romptness is a relative concept  dependent  on  the  facts — what  might  qualify as  prompt  in one  case might  not in another'” ….   Here, the sexual contact occurred over a weekend during which the victim was in the care of defendant’s mother. The victim returned to his mother’s care on a Sunday and disclosed the events to her on the following Friday. Considering  the  victim’s young age and  the  familial relationship between  the victim and defendant, we  agree with County Court’s determination  that  the  hearsay  statements  fell within the prompt  outcry rule …, and  the court provided an  appropriate instruction limiting the use of the testimony … .  People v Lapi, 104623, 3rd Dept 4-4-13

 

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Failure to Request Jury Charge on Venue Waived Appeal of the Issue

The Third Department determined the failure to request a jury charge on venue waived any related appellate issue:

Initially, to the extent that defendant contends that the People failed to prove by a preponderance of the evidence … that the underlying crimes  occurred  within the  geographical  jurisdiction of  Franklin County, we  note that “unlike territorial jurisdiction[,] which goes to the very essence of the State’s power to prosecute,” questions  regarding  geographical  jurisdiction or  venue are waivable … . Accordingly, inasmuch as defendant failed to request a jury charge on venue, she waived any challenge in this regard … .  People v Beauvais, 104590, 3rd Dept 4-4-13

 

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DeBour Criteria Met By Facts Leading to Arrest

The Third Department determined the following scenario legitimately led to the defendant’s arrest under the DeBour criteria:

The officers arrived at the scene and observed approximately eight people sitting on the steps. As the officers approached the group, one of them – later identified as defendant– abruptly stood up and attempted to enter the building, but could not gain entry because the door was apparently locked.  One of the officers followed defendant up the steps, placed a hand on defendant’s shoulder and asked defendant why he was in a hurry. Defendant turned around, shoved the officer, said that he was “past curfew” and, after a brief struggle, ran down the steps and took off running down the street.  People v Morris, 104201, 3rd Dept, 4-4-13

STREET STOPS

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Whether a Confidential Relationship Existed With Decedent Is a Question of Fact for the Jury; Application of Dead Man’s Statute Explained

In reversing the Surrogate’s Court verdict, the Third Department, in a decision by Justice Spain, determined that the existence of a confidential relationship with the decedent is a question of fact for the jury (Surrogate’s Court determined the existence of the relationship as a matter of law).  In addition, because the matter is to be retried, the Third Department included a useful discussion of how the Dead Man’s Statute (CPLR 4519) should be applied:

Under  the  doctrine of “‘constructive fraud,'” where  a  confidential relationship exists between  two parties to a transaction “‘such that they were dealing on unequal terms due to one party’s weakness, dependence or trust  justifiably reposed  upon  the  other  and  unfair advantage  is rendered  probable,'” the  burden  of proof  with  respect to allegations of undue influence will be shifted to the stronger party to show, by clear and convincing evidence, that no undue influence was used … In determining whether a confidential  relationship  exists,  “the  existence  of  a  family relationship does  not, per se, create a presumption  of undue influence; there must be evidence of other facts or circumstances showing  inequality  or  controlling influence” … ..The  existence of such a relationship will ordinarily be  a question of fact … . *  *  *

The [Dead Man’s] statute precludes an interested party from being “examined as a witness in his [or her] own behalf or interest . . . concerning a personal transaction or communication between the witness and  the deceased person” (CPLR 4519 …). Given that the “purpose of the rule is ‘to protect the estate of the deceased from claims of the living who, through their own perjury, could make factual assertions which the decedent could not refute in court’…, it   will not preclude any testimony elicited by the representative of the estate, nor does it preclude testimony of transactions between decedent and a non-interested third party …. Further, the statute’s protections with regard to a particular transaction may be waived where the representative “testifies in his [or her] own behalf concerning a personal transaction of his adversary with the deceased” or when he or she “elicits testimony from an interested party on the personal transaction in issue” …  .  Matter of Nealon, 513733, 3rd Dept 3-28-13

 

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