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Collective Bargaining Agreement Unambiguous—Lifetime Health Benefits Mandated

In concluding the collective bargaining agreement (CBA) unambiguously provided lifetime health insurance coverage to the petitioners pursuant to the CBA in effect upon their retirement, the Third Department wrote:

A  written agreement that is clear and complete on its face must  be  enforced  according  to the  plain meaning  of its terms  …Extrinsic evidence may  be considered to discern the  parties’ intent only  if the  contract is ambiguous,  which  is a question of law for the court to resolve…. In  determining  whether  an  ambiguity  exists, “‘[t]he court  should examine  the  entire contract and  consider the relation of the parties and the circumstances under which it was executed. Particular words  should be  considered, not as if isolated from the context, but in the light of the obligation as a whole  and the intention of the parties as manifested thereby'”… . Pursuant to the CBAs in effect at the time each petitioner retired, an employee who had completed 10 years of service was entitled to health insurance coverage  “in retirement.”    In order to receive that coverage at a rate of 100% per individual and 75% per dependent, the only requirement was that the individual “retire during the term of the contract.”    Matter of Warner, 516038, 3rd Dept 7-3-13

 

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Evidence of Pornography Allowed as Molineux Evidence to Show Intent

In affirming the defendant’s conviction for sexual offenses against a young child, the Third Department determined the trial court properly allowed “Molineux” evidence about pornography found on and/or searched for on defendant’s computer. Among the reasons for letting the evidence of pornography in evidence was to demonstrate defendant’s intent.  The Third Department wrote:

While  intent can  often be inferred from the sexual act itself…, here, defendant claimed to the police investigator and the CPS caseworker that much  of the sexual contact and the child’s knowledge occurred accidentally. The foregoing  was,  thus, admissible  to  prove  that defendant’s  charged  sexual contact  was not accidental or mistaken but, rather, was intentional and sexual … and motivated by his unusual sexual interest in young children. Supreme Court carefully considered  the  prejudicial  effect  of  the  evidence, limited or excluded much  of it, including the actual images and videos, and provided numerous contemporaneous and appropriate limiting  instructions. We  cannot conclude that the court abused its discretion in finding that the  probative  value  of the admitted evidence outweighed the potential for undue prejudice… People v Sorrell, 103426, 3rd Dept 7-3-13

 

Jury Was Given Written Copies of Portions of Jury Instructions; Judge’s Responses to Subsequent Requests for Jury Instructions and Testimony Read-Back Required Reversal

The Third Department reversed defendant’s conviction on two grounds.  First, the trial judge’s response to the jury’s request for jury instructions (written copies of portions of the jury instructions had already been given to the jury) was not “meaningful” and required reversal in the absence of an objection.  And second, the read-back of testimony requested by the jury did not match the request and did not include crucial cross-examination:

As it was unclear from the jury’s note whether the jury simply was seeking the portion of the written charge previously promised by County Court or some other unidentified portion of the charge  (or even  the  charge  in its entirety), it was  incumbent upon County Court to explore this inquiry with the jury and clarify the  nature of the  jury’s request or, at the  very least, ascertain whether its response to the jury’s request was satisfactory….Although defense counsel did not object to the manner in which County Court  responded  to the  jury’s inquiry, County  Court  failed “to provide  a  meaningful response  to the  jury” and, in so  doing, failed to fulfill its “core responsibility” in this regard  ….    Accordingly, no objection was required to preserve this issue for appellate review… . * * *

Although CPL 310.30 affords a trial court a certain degree of latitude in responding to a jury request for additional information, the court’s response must be meaningful … . Additionally, “[a] request for a reading of testimony generally is presumed to include cross-examination which impeaches the testimony to be read back, and any such testimony should be read to the jury unless the jury indicates otherwise”… .  People v Clark, 105237, 3rd Dept 7-3-13

 

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Solid Waste Facility Operating Agreement Not a Lease—No Permissive Referendum Required

The Third Department determined that a Solid Waste Facility Operating Agreement between the Town of Colonie and Capital Region Landfills, Inc (CRL) was not a lease, and therefore a permissive referendum was not a pre-requisite to the agreement.  The Third Department wrote:

Town  Law  § 64 (2) provides that, upon adopting a resolution, a town board may “convey or lease real property in the name  of the town, which resolution shall be subject to a permissive referendum.” The petition and amended petition  allege  that, as  the  agreement  is “the  functional equivalent of a lease,” the Town violated Town Law § 64 (2) by adopting  the resolution and  entering into the agreement  without first conducting  a  permissive referendum … . * * *

In view of the significant restrictions on CRL’s authority and control of the landfill and the rights and powers retained by the Town, the agreement does not convey “absolute control and possession” to CRL and is not a lease as a matter of law….

Accordingly, petitioners’ claim  that a  permissive referendum was required by Town Law § 64 (2) is without merit. Matter of Connors v Town of Colonie, 516058, 3rd Dept 7-3-13

 

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Arbitrator Exceeded Powers Afforded by Collective Bargaining Agreement Re: Time Limitations for Filing Grievances

In affirming Supreme Court’s determination that an arbitrator had exceeded a limitation on his power enumerated in the collective bargaining agreement (CBA), the Third Department explained:

It is well established that an arbitrator’s award is largely unreviewable….  However, such an award may be      vacated upon a showing that it “‘violates a strong public policy, is irrational, or clearly exceeds a specifically enumerated limitation on  the arbitrator’s power'” ….  Here, Supreme Court properly concluded that the arbitrator exceeded a specifically enumerated limitation on his power by failing to recognize the grievance and arbitration procedures as outlined in the CBA and, more particularly, the time limitation for filing grievances that is contained therein.  Matter of Adirondack Beverages Corporation…, 516022, 3rd Dept 7-3-13

 

Career-Related Relocations Did Not Result in Change of Domicile

In affirming Supreme Court’s finding that the plaintiff in a divorce action met the durational residency requirements of Domestic Relations Law section 230, in spite of several career-related relocations, the Third Department wrote:

Given the absence of any proof that plaintiff intended to abandon her existing New York domicile and adopt any of the temporary locations as her new  permanent  home,  neither the fact that the parties – of necessity or convenience – established homes  and  all of the accouterments of family and  community  life in each location where  defendant’s career took the family nor that they generally paid income  taxes as residents of the respective locations demonstrates a change of domicile. Black v Black, 516094, 3rd Dept 7-3-13

 

Neglect Based on Failure to Provide Child with Cleft Palate Proper Nutrition

The Third Department affirmed Family Court’s finding of neglect based upon the father’s failure to ensure that the child (born with a cleft palate) was receiving adequate nutrition and medical care.

Here, the record establishes that the father attended many of the  child’s pediatric appointments,  as  well as  the  evaluation conducted by the feeding and swallowing specialist, during the course of which medical professionals repeatedly explained that the child’s cleft palate made  it difficult for her to feed, stressed the importance of ensuring that the child was fed consistently and gained weight at a steady rate and offered instruction and specific recommendations for different feeding techniques. Matter of Mary YY, 514692, 3rd Dept 7-3-13

 

Violation of Inmate’s Right to Call a Witness Required Expungement

The Third Department expunged a disciplinary determination because the inmate’s right to call a witness was violated and a rehearing was not possible:

Although  [the] witness  agreed  to testify, the  Hearing Officer denied  the  request  for this witness  on  the  basis that the conversation  took  place  after the  incident that is the  subject of the administrative segregation recommendation. Under the circumstances  presented,  we  conclude  that the  testimony  of this witness  was  not  irrelevant and thus the request  was  improperly denied….  As such, the Hearing Officer’s ruling constituted a violation of petitioner’s conditional, regulatory right to call witnesses …. Matter of DeBoue, 515486, 3rd Dept, 7-3-13

 

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Denial of Inmate’s Request for Evidence and Failure to Include Confidential Testimony Required Annulment

In annulling the disciplinary determination, the Third Department noted the Hearing Officer’s failure to explain the denial of the inmate’s request for evidence and failure to include confidential testimony which was relied upon:

Inasmuch as the record before us fails to include any  explanation for the denial of the requested evidence, which may have prejudiced his defense, and is incomplete in that it does not include the confidential testimony taken and relied upon by the Hearing Officer in reaching the determination, we  are unable to undertake meaningful review… .  Matter of Gallagher, 514650, 3rd Dept 7-3-13

 

Failure to Transcribe Entire Hearing Required Annulment

In annulling the disciplinary determination, the Third Department explained that the apparent failure to transcribe the entire tape recording of the hearing made it impossible to know whether evidence favorable to the inmate’s defense was presented:

It appears from the transcript that only the first side of the audiotape was transcribed as the stenographer made a notation, “[s]econd side of tape not audible-runs on fast speed only,” and then abruptly ended the transcript.    We cannot ascertain what was on the second side of the tape or if it would have been beneficial to petitioner’s defense… ..Notably, the transcript does not reveal the disposition of petitioner’s request to have his wife and family members testify as witnesses at the hearing. In view of this, and given the potentially significant testimony that may be missing, the determination must be annulled… . Matter of Farrell, 514504, 3rd Dept 7-3-13

 

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