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ALTHOUGH PLAINTIFF INDICATED SHE DID NOT KNOW THE CAUSE OF HER FALL IN HER DEPOSITION, IN OPPOSITION TO DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT SHE RAISED A QUESTION OF FACT ABOUT WHETHER THE FLOOR WAS WET FROM TRACKED IN SNOW AND DEFENDANT DID NOT PRESENT ANY EVIDENCE ON THE ISSUE OF NOTICE (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined that defendant’s motion for summary judgment should not have been granted in this slip and fall case. The defendant demonstrated that plaintiff did not know the cause of her fall. In her opposing affidavit plaintiff alleged she felt the back of her coat when she got up and it was wet. Plaintiff also presented evidence it was snowing at the time. The court noted Supreme Court had found that defendant did not have notice of the condition, but the defendant had not presented any evidence on that issue:

The defendant established its prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law through the deposition testimony of the plaintiff, which demonstrated that she was unable to identify the cause of her fall … . However, in opposition to the defendant’s prima facie showing on this ground, the plaintiff raised a triable issue of fact through her affidavit, in which she averred that when she stood up after falling, she put her hands on the back of her coat to straighten it and felt that the coat was wet. This, coupled with the fact that it had been snowing, led her to believe that she slipped on snow that had been tracked into the bank. Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, which included climatological data establishing that it had been snowing that morning, and according her the benefit of all reasonable inferences … , we find that there are triable issues of fact as to whether a slippery condition was present where the plaintiff allegedly fell… .

We note that although the Supreme Court found that the defendant established that it did not have actual or constructive notice of the allegedly dangerous condition… , the defendant did not move for summary judgment on this ground and did not submit evidence that would eliminate issues of fact on the issue of notice. Matadin v Bank of Am. Corp., 2018 NY Slip Op 05297, Second Dept 7-18-18

NEGLIGENCE (SLIP AND FALL, ALTHOUGH PLAINTIFF INDICATED SHE DID NOT KNOW THE CAUSE OF HER FALL IN HER DEPOSITION, IN OPPOSITION TO DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT SHE RAISED A QUESTION OF FACT ABOUT WHETHER THE FLOOR WAS WET FROM TRACKED IN SNOW AND DEFENDANT DID NOT PRESENT ANY EVIDENCE ON THE ISSUE OF NOTICE (SECOND DEPT))/SLIP AND FALL (ALTHOUGH PLAINTIFF INDICATED SHE DID NOT KNOW THE CAUSE OF HER FALL IN HER DEPOSITION, IN OPPOSITION TO DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT SHE RAISED A QUESTION OF FACT ABOUT WHETHER THE FLOOR WAS WET FROM TRACKED IN SNOW AND DEFENDANT DID NOT PRESENT ANY EVIDENCE ON THE ISSUE OF NOTICE (SECOND DEPT))

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COUNTY DID NOT DEMONSTRATE THAT IT DID NOT CREATE THE DANGEROUS CONDITION, I.E. SNOW PILED AT AN INTERSECTION, PLAINTIFF ALLEGED THE INTERSECTION COLLISION WAS CAUSED BY THE INABILITY TO SEE BECAUSE OF THE PILE OF SNOW, COUNTY’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT PROPERLY DENIED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department determined the county was not entitled to summary judgment in this intersection collision case. Plaintiff alleged her field of vision was blocked by snow piled at the intersection. The county demonstrated it did not have written notice of the condition, but did not demonstrate it did not create the condition:

Where ” a municipality has enacted a prior written notice statute, it may not be subjected to liability for injuries caused by an improperly maintained street . . . unless it has received written notice of the defect, or an exception to the written notice requirement applies'”… . As relevant here, an exception to the prior written notice laws exists where the municipality creates the defective condition through an affirmative act of negligence … . Here, the plaintiff alleged that the County affirmatively caused or contributed to the dangerous condition through its snow plowing operations, which caused snow to be piled unreasonably high at the intersection. Therefore, to establish its prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law, the County was required to demonstrate, prima facie, that it did not receive prior written notice of the alleged dangerous condition and that it did not create the alleged dangerous condition … . Although the County demonstrated, prima facie, that it did not receive prior written notice, the County’s submissions failed to demonstrate, prima facie, that its snow removal operations did not create a dangerous condition … . Manzella v County of Suffolk, 2018 NY Slip Op 05296, Second Dept 7-18-18

NEGLIGENCE (TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS, MUNICIPAL LAW, COUNTY DID NOT DEMONSTRATE THAT IT DID NOT CREATE THE DANGEROUS CONDITION, I.E. SNOW PILED AT AN INTERSECTION, PLAINTIFF ALLEGED THE INTERSECTION COLLISION WAS CAUSED BY THE INABILITY TO SEE BECAUSE OF THE PILE OF SNOW, COUNTY’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT PROPERLY DENIED (SECOND DEPT))/MUNICIPAL LAW (NEGLIGENCE, TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS, COUNTY DID NOT DEMONSTRATE THAT IT DID NOT CREATE THE DANGEROUS CONDITION, I.E. SNOW PILED AT AN INTERSECTION, PLAINTIFF ALLEGED THE INTERSECTION COLLISION WAS CAUSED BY THE INABILITY TO SEE BECAUSE OF THE PILE OF SNOW, COUNTY’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT PROPERLY DENIED (SECOND DEPT))/TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS (NEGLIGENCE, MUNICIPAL LAW,  COUNTY DID NOT DEMONSTRATE THAT IT DID NOT CREATE THE DANGEROUS CONDITION, I.E. SNOW PILED AT AN INTERSECTION, PLAINTIFF ALLEGED THE INTERSECTION COLLISION WAS CAUSED BY THE INABILITY TO SEE BECAUSE OF THE PILE OF SNOW, COUNTY’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT PROPERLY DENIED (SECOND DEPT))

PLAINTIFF PROPERLY GRANTED SUMMARY JUDGMENT IN THIS LABOR LAW 240 (1) ACTION STEMMING FROM A FALL FROM A LADDER, DEFENDANT WAS APPARENTLY LIABLE AS AN AGENT OF THE OWNER WITH AUTHORITY OVER SAFETY MEASURES (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department determined plaintiff was entitled to summary judgment on his Labor Law 240 (1) cause of action stemming from a fall from a ladder which moved for no apparent reason. The court determined that the defendant, Arrow, which had contracted with plaintiff’s employer, was liable as an agent of the owner or general contractor because of its supervisory control and authority to enforce safety standards:

Labor Law § 240(1) applies to “contractors and owners and their agents”… . “A party is deemed to be an agent of an owner or general contractor under the Labor Law when it has supervisory control and authority over the work being done where a plaintiff is injured” … . “To impose such liability, the defendant must have the authority to control the activity bringing about the injury so as to enable it to avoid or correct the unsafe condition” … . The determinative factor is whether the defendant had “the right to exercise control over the work, not whether it actually exercised that right” … . Here, Arrow Steel had the authority to enforce safety standards and choose the subcontractor who did the asbestos work. Additionally, Arrow Steel directly entered into a contract with [plaintiff’s employer], and had the authority to exercise control over the work, even if it did not actually do so … . Cabrera v Arrow Steel Window Corp., 2018 NY Slip Op 05275, Second Dept 7-18-18

LABOR LAW-CONSTRUCTION LAW (PLAINTIFF PROPERLY GRANTED SUMMARY JUDGMENT IN THIS LABOR LAW 240 (1) ACTION STEMMING FROM A FALL FROM A LADDER, DEFENDANT WAS APPARENTLY LIABLE AS AN AGENT OF THE OWNER WITH AUTHORITY OVER SAFETY MEASURES (SECOND DEPT))/LADDERS (LABOR LAW-CONSTRUCTION LAW, PLAINTIFF PROPERLY GRANTED SUMMARY JUDGMENT IN THIS LABOR LAW 240 (1) ACTION STEMMING FROM A FALL FROM A LADDER, DEFENDANT WAS APPARENTLY LIABLE AS AN AGENT OF THE OWNER WITH AUTHORITY OVER SAFETY MEASURES (SECOND DEPT))

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MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL UNLESS PLAINTIFF AGREED TO A REDUCTION IN DAMAGES FOR PRE-IMPACT TERROR AND CONSCIOUS PAIN AND SUFFERING IN THIS TRAFFIC-ACCIDENT WRONGFUL DEATH CASE PROPERLY GRANTED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department determined Supreme Court properly granted defendants’ motion for a new trial (CPLR 4404) in this car-bus-accident wrongful death case if plaintiff did not agree to a reduction of damages for pre-impact terror and conscious pain and suffering:

Here, the evidence at trial established that the decedent made eye contact with the defendant bus operator, William R. Dortch, for approximately one second before the bus collided with the decedent’s vehicle. Under these circumstances, we agree with the Supreme Court’s determinations that the $250,000 award for pre-impact terror deviated materially from what would be reasonable compensation and to grant the branch of the defendants’ cross motion which was for a new trial on the issue of pre-impact terror unless the plaintiff agreed to an award in the principal sum of $50,000 … . …

Here, we agree with the Supreme Court’s determination that the jury award in the principal sum of $1,250,000 deviated materially from what would be reasonable compensation for the decedent’s post-impact conscious pain and suffering. The evidence established that the decedent was able to feel pain following the collision, but that she was able to do so for, at most, 11 to 20 minutes and that, during that time, she was minimally conscious (see id. at 460). Under these circumstances, that branch of the defendants’ motion which was for a new trial on the issue of conscious pain and suffering unless the plaintiff agreed to an award in the principal sum of $400,000 was properly granted … . Vatalaro v County of Suffolk, 2018 NY Slip Op 05352, Second Dept 7-18-18

NEGLIGENCE (TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS, MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL UNLESS PLAINTIFF AGREED TO A REDUCTION IN DAMAGES FOR PRE-IMPACT TERROR AND CONSCIOUS PAIN AND SUFFERING IN THIS TRAFFIC-ACCIDENT WRONGFUL DEATH CASE PROPERLY GRANTED (SECOND DEPT))/CIVIL PROCEDURE (MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL UNLESS PLAINTIFF AGREED TO A REDUCTION IN DAMAGES FOR PRE-IMPACT TERROR AND CONSCIOUS PAIN AND SUFFERING IN THIS TRAFFIC-ACCIDENT WRONGFUL DEATH CASE PROPERLY GRANTED (SECOND DEPT))/CPLR 4404 (MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL UNLESS PLAINTIFF AGREED TO A REDUCTION IN DAMAGES FOR PRE-IMPACT TERROR AND CONSCIOUS PAIN AND SUFFERING IN THIS TRAFFIC-ACCIDENT WRONGFUL DEATH CASE PROPERLY GRANTED (SECOND DEPT))/TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS (MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL UNLESS PLAINTIFF AGREED TO A REDUCTION IN DAMAGES FOR PRE-IMPACT TERROR AND CONSCIOUS PAIN AND SUFFERING IN THIS TRAFFIC-ACCIDENT WRONGFUL DEATH CASE PROPERLY GRANTED (SECOND DEPT))/BUSES (TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS, MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL UNLESS PLAINTIFF AGREED TO A REDUCTION IN DAMAGES FOR PRE-IMPACT TERROR AND CONSCIOUS PAIN AND SUFFERING IN THIS TRAFFIC-ACCIDENT WRONGFUL DEATH CASE PROPERLY GRANTED (SECOND DEPT))/MUNICIPAL LAW (TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS, BUSES, MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL UNLESS PLAINTIFF AGREED TO A REDUCTION IN DAMAGES FOR PRE-IMPACT TERROR AND CONSCIOUS PAIN AND SUFFERING IN THIS TRAFFIC-ACCIDENT WRONGFUL DEATH CASE PROPERLY GRANTED (SECOND DEPT))/WRONGFUL DEATH (DAMAGES, MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL UNLESS PLAINTIFF AGREED TO A REDUCTION IN DAMAGES FOR PRE-IMPACT TERROR AND CONSCIOUS PAIN AND SUFFERING IN THIS TRAFFIC-ACCIDENT WRONGFUL DEATH CASE PROPERLY GRANTED (SECOND DEPT))/DAMAGES (WRONGFUL DEATH, MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL UNLESS PLAINTIFF AGREED TO A REDUCTION IN DAMAGES FOR PRE-IMPACT TERROR AND CONSCIOUS PAIN AND SUFFERING IN THIS TRAFFIC-ACCIDENT WRONGFUL DEATH CASE PROPERLY GRANTED (SECOND DEPT))/PRE-IMPACT TERROR  (WRONGFUL DEATH, MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL UNLESS PLAINTIFF AGREED TO A REDUCTION IN DAMAGES FOR PRE-IMPACT TERROR AND CONSCIOUS PAIN AND SUFFERING IN THIS TRAFFIC-ACCIDENT WRONGFUL DEATH CASE PROPERLY GRANTED (SECOND DEPT))/CONSCIOUS PAIN AND SUFFERING (WRONGFUL DEATH, MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL UNLESS PLAINTIFF AGREED TO A REDUCTION IN DAMAGES FOR PRE-IMPACT TERROR AND CONSCIOUS PAIN AND SUFFERING IN THIS TRAFFIC-ACCIDENT WRONGFUL DEATH CASE PROPERLY GRANTED (SECOND DEPT))

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IMPROPER CROSS-EXAMINATION OF THE SOLE DEFENSE WITNESS DEPRIVED DEFENDANT OF A FAIR TRIAL, REVERSED IN THE INTEREST OF JUSTICE (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing defendant’s conviction in the interest of justice, determined the prosecutor deprived defendant of a fair trial by improper cross-examination of the sole defense witness:

The prosecutor repeatedly injected her own credibility into the trial while cross-examining the complainant’s grandmother, who was the sole witness for the defense other than the defendant, about pretrial out-of-court statements the grandmother made to the prosecutor concerning the complainant’s outcry … . Given the importance of the grandmother’s testimony to the defense, this conduct deprived the defendant of his right to a fair trial … . People v Moulton, 2018 NY Slip Op 05203, Second Dept 7-11-18

CRIMINAL LAW (PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT, IMPROPER CROSS-EXAMINATION OF THE SOLE DEFENSE WITNESS DEPRIVED DEFENDANT OF A FAIR TRIAL, REVERSED IN THE INTEREST OF JUSTICE (SECOND DEPT))/ATTORNEYS (CRIMINAL LAW, PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT,  IMPROPER CROSS-EXAMINATION OF THE SOLE DEFENSE WITNESS DEPRIVED DEFENDANT OF A FAIR TRIAL, REVERSED IN THE INTEREST OF JUSTICE (SECOND DEPT))/APPEALS (CRIMINAL LAW, INTEREST OF JUSTICE, IMPROPER CROSS-EXAMINATION OF THE SOLE DEFENSE WITNESS DEPRIVED DEFENDANT OF A FAIR TRIAL, REVERSED IN THE INTEREST OF JUSTICE (SECOND DEPT))/PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT (IMPROPER CROSS-EXAMINATION OF THE SOLE DEFENSE WITNESS DEPRIVED DEFENDANT OF A FAIR TRIAL, REVERSED IN THE INTEREST OF JUSTICE (SECOND DEPT))

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ALTHOUGH THE SEARCH OF DEFENDANT’S PERSON INCIDENT TO ARREST WAS PROPER, THE SEARCH INSIDE DEFENDANT’S WALLET WAS NOT, CREDIT CARDS SHOULD HAVE BEEN SUPPRESSED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department determined defendant’s motion to suppress credit cards taken from his wallet after he was placed under arrest after a traffic stop should have been granted. The defendant was arrested after a police officer saw what looked like marijuana in a plastic bag on the floor of the car. Defendant was charged with possessing forged credit cards:

While the police officer’s search of the defendant’s pockets was justified since it arose from a search incident to a lawful arrest… , the subsequent search of the defendant’s wallet was akin to searching a small bag or change purse and was unlawful. “The protections embodied in article I, § 12 of the New York State Constitution serve to shield citizens from warrantless intrusions on their privacy interests, including their personal effects”… . “[E]ven a bag within the immediate control or grabbable area’ of a suspect at the time of his [or her] arrest may not be subjected to a warrantless search incident to the arrest, unless the circumstances leading to the arrest support a reasonable belief that the suspect may gain possession of a weapon or be able to destroy evidence located in the bag”… . The proof adduced at the suppression hearing failed to establish the presence of such circumstances … . People v Geddes-Kelly, 2018 NY Slip Op 05195, Second Dept 7-11-18

CRIMINAL LAW (EVIDENCE, ALTHOUGH THE SEARCH OF DEFENDANT’S PERSON INCIDENT TO ARREST WAS PROPER, THE SEARCH INSIDE DEFENDANT’S WALLET WAS NOT, CREDIT CARDS SHOULD HAVE BEEN SUPPRESSED (SECOND DEPT))/EVIDENCE (CRIMINAL LAW, SUPPRESSION, ALTHOUGH THE SEARCH OF DEFENDANT’S PERSON INCIDENT TO ARREST WAS PROPER, THE SEARCH INSIDE DEFENDANT’S WALLET WAS NOT, CREDIT CARDS SHOULD HAVE BEEN SUPPRESSED (SECOND DEPT))/SEARCH AND SEIZURE (TRAFFIC STOP,  ALTHOUGH THE SEARCH OF DEFENDANT’S PERSON INCIDENT TO ARREST WAS PROPER, THE SEARCH INSIDE DEFENDANT’S WALLET WAS NOT, CREDIT CARDS SHOULD HAVE BEEN SUPPRESSED (SECOND DEPT))/SUPPRESSION (TRAFFIC STOP, ALTHOUGH THE SEARCH OF DEFENDANT’S PERSON INCIDENT TO ARREST WAS PROPER, THE SEARCH INSIDE DEFENDANT’S WALLET WAS NOT, CREDIT CARDS SHOULD HAVE BEEN SUPPRESSED (SECOND DEPT))/TRAFFIC STOPS (EVIDENCE, ALTHOUGH THE SEARCH OF DEFENDANT’S PERSON INCIDENT TO ARREST WAS PROPER, THE SEARCH INSIDE DEFENDANT’S WALLET WAS NOT, CREDIT CARDS SHOULD HAVE BEEN SUPPRESSED (SECOND DEPT))/WALLETS (CRIMINAL LAW, SEARCH AND SEIZURE, ALTHOUGH THE SEARCH OF DEFENDANT’S PERSON INCIDENT TO ARREST WAS PROPER, THE SEARCH INSIDE DEFENDANT’S WALLET WAS NOT, CREDIT CARDS SHOULD HAVE BEEN SUPPRESSED (SECOND DEPT))

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PROSECUTOR’S IMPROPER REMARKS DESIGNED TO ELICIT THE JURY’S SYMPATHY FOR THE VICTIM DID NOT DEPRIVE DEFENDANT OF A FAIR TRIAL, HOWEVER A NEW TRIAL ON THE MURDER CHARGE IS REQUIRED BECAUSE THE TRIAL JUDGE ERRONEOUSLY DENIED DEFENDANT’S REQUEST TO INSTRUCT THE JURY ON THE LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSE OF MANSLAUGHTER (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing defendant’s murder conviction, determined the trial judge should have instructed the jury on the lesser included offense of manslaughter. Although the defendant told the police he went to the victim’s house intending to kill him, there was evidence the gun went off when the victim grabbed the gun. The Second Department also noted the prosecutor improperly tried to elicit the jury’s sympathy for the victim:

… [T]he prosecutor’s comments in his opening statement about the grand jury’s indictment were improper. The prosecutor’s comments in his opening statement about the victim and his family, which could only have been intended to evoke the jury’s sympathy, were also improper… . Further, the prosecutor elicited certain testimony from the medical examiner and the victim’s father about the victim’s personal background and the victim’s family that was irrelevant to the issues at trial, and was likewise intended to evoke the jury’s sympathy … . Nonetheless, under the circumstances of this case, the prosecutor’s improprieties did not deprive the defendant of a fair trial, and any other error in this regard was harmless, as there was overwhelming evidence of the defendant’s guilt and no significant probability that any error contributed to his convictions … . …

Here, the court should have granted the defendant’s request to charge manslaughter in the second degree (reckless manslaughter) as a lesser included offense of murder in the second degree (intentional murder). Reckless manslaughter is a lesser included offense of intentional murder in the second degree … . Moreover, there is a reasonable view of the evidence that the defendant did not intentionally pull the trigger at the time the gun was fired … .  People v Cherry, 2018 NY Slip Op 05190, Second Dept 7-11-18

CRIMINAL LAW (PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT, LESSER INCLCUDED OFFENSE, PROSECUTOR’S IMPROPER REMARKS DESIGNED TO ELICIT THE JURY’S SYMPATHY FOR THE VICTIM DID NOT DEPRIVE DEFENDANT OF A FAIR TRIAL, HOWEVER A NEW TRIAL ON THE MURDER CHARGE IS REQUIRED BECAUSE THE TRIAL JUDGE ERRONEOUSLY DENIED DEFENDANT’S REQUEST TO INSTRUCT THE JURY ON THE LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSE OF MANSLAUGHTER (SECOND DEPT))/EVIDENCE (CRIMINAL LAW, LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSE, PROSECUTOR’S IMPROPER REMARKS DESIGNED TO ELICIT THE JURY’S SYMPATHY FOR THE VICTIM DID NOT DEPRIVE DEFENDANT OF A FAIR TRIAL, HOWEVER A NEW TRIAL ON THE MURDER CHARGE IS REQUIRED BECAUSE THE TRIAL JUDGE ERRONEOUSLY DENIED DEFENDANT’S REQUEST TO INSTRUCT THE JURY ON THE LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSE OF MANSLAUGHTER (SECOND DEPT))/ATTORNEYS (CRIMINAL LAW, PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT, PROSECUTOR’S IMPROPER REMARKS DESIGNED TO ELICIT THE JURY’S SYMPATHY FOR THE VICTIM DID NOT DEPRIVE DEFENDANT OF A FAIR TRIAL, HOWEVER A NEW TRIAL ON THE MURDER CHARGE IS REQUIRED BECAUSE THE TRIAL JUDGE ERRONEOUSLY DENIED DEFENDANT’S REQUEST TO INSTRUCT THE JURY ON THE LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSE OF MANSLAUGHTER (SECOND DEPT))/LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSE A NEW TRIAL ON THE MURDER CHARGE IS REQUIRED BECAUSE THE TRIAL JUDGE ERRONEOUSLY DENIED DEFENDANT’S REQUEST TO INSTRUCT THE JURY ON THE LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSE OF MANSLAUGHTER (SECOND DEPT))/JURY INSTRUCTIONS (LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSE,  A NEW TRIAL ON THE MURDER CHARGE IS REQUIRED BECAUSE THE TRIAL JUDGE ERRONEOUSLY DENIED DEFENDANT’S REQUEST TO INSTRUCT THE JURY ON THE LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSE OF MANSLAUGHTER (SECOND DEPT))

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ALTHOUGH THE NYC ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IMPOSES A DUTY TO KEEP SIDEWALKS SAFE ON ABUTTING PROPERTY OWNERS, IT DOES NOT IMPOSE STRICT LIABILITY, DEFENDANT FAILED TO DEMONSTRATE IT DID NOT CREATE OR HAVE NOTICE OF THE ALLEGED DANGEROUS CONDITION IN THIS SIDEWALK ICE AND SNOW SLIP AND FALL CASE, DEFENDANT’S SUMMARY JUDGMENT MOTION PROPERLY DENIED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department determined defendant property owner did not demonstrate that it did not create or have notice of the dangerous condition in this sidewalk snow and ice slip and fall case. The NYC administrative code imposes a duty on abutting property owners to keep sidewalks safe, but it does not impose strict liability:

Administrative Code of the City of New York § 7-210(a) and (b) imposes a duty upon property owners to maintain the sidewalk adjacent to their property, and shifts tort liability to such owners for the failure to maintain the sidewalk in a reasonably safe condition, including the negligent failure to remove snow and ice … . However, Administrative Code of the City of New York § 7-210 does not impose strict liability upon the property owner, and the injured party has the obligation to prove the elements of negligence to demonstrate that an owner is liable… . Thus, to prevail on its summary judgment motion, the defendant was required to establish that it neither created the alleged hazardous condition nor had actual or constructive notice of its existence for a sufficient length of time to discover and remedy it … .

Here, in support of the motion, the defendant submitted, inter alia, the deposition testimony of its custodian, who had no specific recollection as to when it last snowed prior to the incident, what snow and ice removal efforts he undertook prior to the incident, or what the sidewalk at issue looked like within a reasonable time prior to the incident. The custodian’s deposition testimony, along with the defendant’s other submissions, including its expert evidence, were insufficient to demonstrate, prima facie, that the defendant did not create the alleged ice condition through its snow removal efforts or that it did not have actual or constructive notice of the existence of the condition for a sufficient length of time to discover and remedy it … . Muhammad v St. Rose of Limas R.C. Church, 2018 NY Slip Op 05181, Second Dept 7-11-18

​NEGLIGENCE (SLIP AND FALL, MUNICIPAL LAW, ALTHOUGH THE NYC ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IMPOSES A DUTY TO KEEP SIDEWALKS SAFE ON ABUTTING PROPERTY OWNERS, IT DOES NOT IMPOSE STRICT LIABILITY, DEFENDANT FAILED TO DEMONSTRATE IT DID NOT CREATE OR HAVE NOTICE OF THE ALLEGED DANGEROUS CONDITION IN THIS SIDEWALK ICE AND SNOW SLIP AND FALL CASE, DEFENDANT’S SUMMARY JUDGMENT MOTION PROPERLY DENIED (SECOND DEPT))/MUNICIPAL LAW (SLIP AND FALL, SIDEWALKS, ALTHOUGH THE NYC ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IMPOSES A DUTY TO KEEP SIDEWALKS SAFE ON ABUTTING PROPERTY OWNERS, IT DOES NOT IMPOSE STRICT LIABILITY, DEFENDANT FAILED TO DEMONSTRATE IT DID NOT CREATE OR HAVE NOTICE OF THE ALLEGED DANGEROUS CONDITION IN THIS SIDEWALK ICE AND SNOW SLIP AND FALL CASE, DEFENDANT’S SUMMARY JUDGMENT MOTION PROPERLY DENIED (SECOND DEPT))/SIDEWALKS (SLIP AND FALL,  ALTHOUGH THE NYC ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IMPOSES A DUTY TO KEEP SIDEWALKS SAFE ON ABUTTING PROPERTY OWNERS, IT DOES NOT IMPOSE STRICT LIABILITY, DEFENDANT FAILED TO DEMONSTRATE IT DID NOT CREATE OR HAVE NOTICE OF THE ALLEGED DANGEROUS CONDITION IN THIS SIDEWALK ICE AND SNOW SLIP AND FALL CASE, DEFENDANT’S SUMMARY JUDGMENT MOTION PROPERLY DENIED (SECOND DEPT))/SIDEWALKS (SLIP AND FALL, MUNICIPAL LAW, ALTHOUGH THE NYC ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IMPOSES A DUTY TO KEEP SIDEWALKS SAFE ON ABUTTING PROPERTY OWNERS, IT DOES NOT IMPOSE STRICT LIABILITY, DEFENDANT FAILED TO DEMONSTRATE IT DID NOT CREATE OR HAVE NOTICE OF THE ALLEGED DANGEROUS CONDITION IN THIS SIDEWALK ICE AND SNOW SLIP AND FALL CASE, DEFENDANT’S SUMMARY JUDGMENT MOTION PROPERLY DENIED (SECOND DEPT))

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CHILD’S REQUEST FOR AN ADJOURNMENT WHEN MOTHER FAILED TO APPEAR AT AN EQUITABLE ESTOPPEL HEARING IN THIS PATERNITY AND CUSTODY PROCEEDING SHOULD HAVE BEEN GRANTED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department determined Family Court abused its discretion when it dismissed an equitable estoppel hearing in a paternity and custody proceeding when mother failed to appear and the child requested an adjournment:

Despite the fact that the mother had appeared on all prior court dates, and was in the middle of her testimony at the hearing, the Family Court denied the child’s request for an adjournment, and instead directed dismissal of the petition for failure to prosecute. The child, Malachi S., appeals. …

Here, as the child and the mother correctly contend, the request for an adjournment was reasonable and there was no indication of intentional default or willful abandonment. Under these circumstances, the Family Court improvidently exercised its discretion in directing the dismissal of the petition for failure to prosecute rather than granting the child’s request for an adjournment … . Matter of Simmons v Ford, 2018 NY Slip Op 05176, Second Dept 7-11-18

​FAMILY LAW (CHILD’S REQUEST FOR AN ADJOURNMENT WHEN MOTHER FAILED TO APPEAR AT AN EQUITABLE ESTOPPEL HEARING IN THIS PATERNITY AND CUSTODY PROCEEDING SHOULD HAVE BEEN GRANTED (SECOND DEPT))/ADJOURNMENT (FAMILY LAW, CHILD’S REQUEST FOR AN ADJOURNMENT WHEN MOTHER FAILED TO APPEAR AT AN EQUITABLE ESTOPPEL HEARING IN THIS PATERNITY AND CUSTODY PROCEEDING SHOULD HAVE BEEN GRANTED (SECOND DEPT))/PATERNITY  (CHILD’S REQUEST FOR AN ADJOURNMENT WHEN MOTHER FAILED TO APPEAR AT AN EQUITABLE ESTOPPEL HEARING IN THIS PATERNITY AND CUSTODY PROCEEDING SHOULD HAVE BEEN GRANTED (SECOND DEPT))/CUSTODY (FAMILY LAW, CHILD’S REQUEST FOR AN ADJOURNMENT WHEN MOTHER FAILED TO APPEAR AT AN EQUITABLE ESTOPPEL HEARING IN THIS PATERNITY AND CUSTODY PROCEEDING SHOULD HAVE BEEN GRANTED (SECOND DEPT))

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LEAVE TO FILE A LATE NOTICE OF CLAIM WAS PROPERLY GRANTED IN THIS CANCER TREATMENT MALPRACTICE ACTION, WHERE THE ALLEGED MALPRACTICE IS APPARENT FROM THE MEDICAL RECORDS, THE RECORDS CONSTITUTE ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE CLAIM (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department determined petitioner’s motion seeking leave to file a late notice of claim for medical malpractice against the NYC Health & Hospitals Corporation was properly granted. Plaintiff alleged malpractice in the treatment of a cancerous lesion:

“Where the alleged malpractice is apparent from an independent review of the medical records, those records constitute actual knowledge of the facts constituting the claim'” … . Here, in support of her petition, the petitioner submitted medical records and an affirmation of a physician who reviewed the medical records and concluded, inter alia, that there had been a departure from accepted medical practice. Inasmuch as the medical records show that the hospital failed to confirm that the plaintiff’s tumor had been completely removed, they provided the appellant with actual knowledge of the essential facts constituting the claim … . Furthermore, the petitioner made an initial showing that the appellant would not suffer any prejudice by the delay in serving a notice of claim, and the appellant failed to rebut the petitioner’s showing with particularized indicia of prejudice … . Finally, the lack of a reasonable excuse is not dispositive where there is actual notice and absence of prejudice … . In any event, the petitioner demonstrated that her extensive medical treatment during the time period at issue constitutes a reasonable excuse for the delay … . Matter of Leon v New York City Health & Hosps. Corp., 2018 NY Slip Op 05165, Second Dept 7-11-18

MUNICIPAL LAW (NOTICE OF CLAIM, MEDICAL MALPRACTICE, LEAVE TO FILE A LATE NOTICE OF CLAIM WAS PROPERLY GRANTED IN THIS CANCER TREATMENT MALPRACTICE ACTION, WHERE THE ALLEGED MALPRACTICE IS APPARENT FROM THE MEDICAL RECORDS, THE RECORDS CONSTITUTE ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE CLAIM (SECOND DEPT))/NEGLIGENCE (MUNICIPAL LAW, NOTICE OF CLAIM, MEDICAL MALPRACTICE, LEAVE TO FILE A LATE NOTICE OF CLAIM WAS PROPERLY GRANTED IN THIS CANCER TREATMENT MALPRACTICE ACTION, WHERE THE ALLEGED MALPRACTICE IS APPARENT FROM THE MEDICAL RECORDS, THE RECORDS CONSTITUTE ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE CLAIM (SECOND DEPT))/MEDICAL MALPRACTICE (MUNICIPAL LAW, NOTICE OF CLAIM, LEAVE TO FILE A LATE NOTICE OF CLAIM WAS PROPERLY GRANTED IN THIS CANCER TREATMENT MALPRACTICE ACTION, WHERE THE ALLEGED MALPRACTICE IS APPARENT FROM THE MEDICAL RECORDS, THE RECORDS CONSTITUTE ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE CLAIM (SECOND DEPT))/NOTICE OF CLAIM (MUNICIPAL LAW, MEDICAL MALPRACTICE, LEAVE TO FILE A LATE NOTICE OF CLAIM WAS PROPERLY GRANTED IN THIS CANCER TREATMENT MALPRACTICE ACTION, WHERE THE ALLEGED MALPRACTICE IS APPARENT FROM THE MEDICAL RECORDS, THE RECORDS CONSTITUTE ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE CLAIM (SECOND DEPT))

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