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Bruce Freeman

About Bruce Freeman

This author has not written his bio yet.
But we are proud to say that Bruce Freeman contributed 11696 entries already.

Entries by Bruce Freeman

Evidence, Family Law

MOTHER PRESENTED SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE OF A CHANGE IN CIRCUMSTANCES TO JUSTIFY AWARDING HER SOLE CUSTODY OF THE CHILDREN (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Family Court, determined there was sufficient evidence of a change of circumstances to award mother sole custody of the children: … [T]he Family Court’s determination, in effect, that there had been no change in circumstances requiring a transfer of legal custody to the mother and a modification of the father’s parental […]

March 25, 2020
Contract Law, Insurance Law

QUESTION OF FACT WHETHER FLOODING, AS OPPOSED TO WIND, CAUSED THE PROPERTY DAMAGE PRECLUDED SUMMARY JUDGMENT IN FAVOR OF THE INSURER BASED UPON POLICY EXCLUSIONS (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined there were questions of fact whether the exclusions in the homeowner’s policy applied to damage caused during Superstorm Sandy. The expert opinion evidence did not demonstrate flooding, as opposed to wind, was the predominant cause of the damage: The Homeowners Policy contains three exclusions which Allstate has raised […]

March 25, 2020
Evidence, Negligence

NON-MANDATORY STANDARDS FOR THE GAP BETWEEN A SUBWAY TRAIN AND THE PLATFORM PROPERLY ADMITTED IN THIS SLIP AND FALL CASE; HOWEVER THE EVIDENCE OF PRIOR GAP-RELATED ACCIDENTS SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN ADMITTED; NEW TRIAL ORDERED (CT APP).

The Court of Appeals, ordering a new trial, in a brief memorandum with no description of the facts, determined evidence of prior accidents involving the gap between the subway train and the platform should not have been admitted because there was no showing the conditions were the same. However the evidence of the non-mandatory gap […]

March 24, 2020
Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Evidence

TESTIMONY SUPPORTING THE ADMISSION OF DNA PROFILES WAS HEARSAY WHICH VIOLATED THE CONFRONTATION CLAUSE (CT APP). ​

The Court of Appeals, reversing defendant’s conviction, over a concurrence, determined the testimony which formed the basis for the admission in evidence of DNA profiles was hearsay which violated the Confrontation Clause: In People v John, we held that, when confronted with testimonial DNA evidence at trial, a defendant is entitled to cross-examine “an analyst who […]

March 24, 2020
Consumer Law, Contract Law, Insurance Law

GENERAL BUSINESS LAW CAUSES OF ACTION ALLEGING DECEPTIVE PRACTICES AND FALSE ADVERTISING WERE SUFFICIENTLY ALLEGED AGAINST AN INSURER PROVIDING HEALTH INSURANCE TO NEW YORK CITY EMPLOYEES; PLAINTIFF, A RETIRED POLICE OFFICER, ALLEGED DECEPTIVE AND FALSE MARKETING BY THE INSURER INDUCED HIM TO CHOOSE THE INSURER’S PLAN (CT APP).

The Court of Appeals, in a full-fledged opinion by Judge Stein, determined General Business Law sections 349 and 350 applied to a health insurance plan offered to New York City employees. Plaintiff, a retired NYC police officer brought the action in federal court alleging the insurer (GHI) engaged in “deceptive practices” and “false advertising.” The […]

March 24, 2020
Criminal Law, Evidence, Sex Offender Registration Act (SORA)

AN ENTRY IN THE CASE SUMMARY ALONE IS NOT A SUFFICIENT BASIS FOR AN ASSESSMENT OF POINTS (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reducing defendant’s risk level, determined that an entry in the case summary alone is not sufficient to justify an assessment of points: We agree with defendant that the People failed to prove by the requisite clear and convincing evidence that he had committed a continuing course of sexual misconduct, i.e., risk factor 4 […]

March 20, 2020
Civil Procedure

NEW YORK PLAINTIFF, NORTH CAROLINA DEFENDANT, TORTS ALLEGEDLY OCCURRED IN GEORGIA; UNDER A CONFLICT OF LAWS ANALYSIS GEORGIA LAW CONTROLS (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department determined Supreme Court properly ruled that Georgia law controlled the action which alleged Bank of America’s employees or agents notarized documents with false signatures. The torts were alleged to have occurred in Georgia. Plaintiff was a domiciliary of New York and Bank of America was a domiciliary of North Carolina: If the conflicting […]

March 20, 2020
Attorneys, Criminal Law

DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO VACATE HIS CONVICTION BY GUILTY PLEA ON INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE GROUNDS WAS PROPERLY DENIED WITHOUT A HEARING; THE TWO DISSENTERS ARGUED THE PRO SE MOTION WAS SUFFICIENT TO WARRANT A HEARING, DESPITE THE TECHNICAL DEFECTS (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, over a two-justice dissent, determined defendant’s pro se motion to vacate his conviction by guilty plea, on ineffective assistance of counsel grounds, was properly denied without a hearing. The dissenters argued defendant raised the issue sufficiently to warrant a hearing: Defendant contends that defense counsel was ineffective because he failed to advise […]

March 20, 2020
Attorneys, Criminal Law, Evidence

BECAUSE DEFENDANT INVOKED HIS RIGHT TO COUNSEL WHEN HE WAS NOT IN CUSTODY HE COULD VALIDLY WITHDRAW HIS REQUEST WITHOUT THE PRESENCE OF COUNSEL (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department determined defendant invoked his right to counsel when he was not in custody and therefore defendant could validly withdraw his request for counsel without the presence of counsel: The Court of Appeals has stated that a defendant who asserts his or her right to counsel while out of custody may later withdraw […]

March 20, 2020
Human Rights Law

JAIL IS NOT A ‘PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION’ WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE NYS HUMAN RIGHTS LAW; THE STATE DIVISION OF HUMAN RIGHTS THEREFORE DID NOT HAVE JURISDICTION TO HEAR PETITIONER’S ADMINISTRATIVE COMPLAINT ALLEGING UNLAWFUL DISCRIMINATION IN JAIL (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department determined jail is not a “public accommodation” within the meaning of the Human Rights Law. Therefore petitioner’s administrative complaint alleging unlawful discrimination in the jail was properly dismissed by the NYS Division of Human Rights (SDHR) for lack of jurisdiction: SDHR has jurisdiction to, inter alia, investigate and adjudicate complaints of unlawful […]

March 20, 2020
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