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Bruce Freeman

About Bruce Freeman

This author has not written his bio yet.
But we are proud to say that Bruce Freeman contributed 11730 entries already.

Entries by Bruce Freeman

Criminal Law

FOR CAUSE CHALLENGE TO A JUROR SHOULD HAVE BEEN GRANTED, NEW TRIAL ORDERED (FIRST DEPT).

The First Departing, ordering a new trial, determined defendant’s for cause challenge to a juror should have been granted: The challenged panelist stated that he could not be “fully fair” if defendant did not testify and “defend himself,” and that it might be difficult for him to acquit a defendant who did not testify, because […]

July 2, 2020
Appeals, Criminal Law

ALTHOUGH DEFENDANT COMPLETED HIS SENTENCE HE IS ENTITLED TO A DETERMINATION WHETHER HE SHOULD BE ADJUDICATED A YOUTHFUL OFFENDER; THE ORDER OF PROTECTION EXCEEDED THE STATUTORY TIME LIMIT (SECOND DEPT).

Although defendant had already completed his sentence, the Second Department held he was entitled to a determination whether he should be adjudicated a youthful offender, even if that relief was not requested. In addition, the Second Department noted the order of protection exceeded the maximum time allowed in the Criminal Procedure Law and did not […]

July 1, 2020
Criminal Law

RESTITUTION PAYABLE TO THE CRIME VICTIMS BOARD EXCEEDED THE STATUTORY CAP FOR A FELONY (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department noted that the restitution amount payable to the Crime Victims Board exceeded the statutory cap: … [T]he amount of restitution payable to the Crime Victims Board for the family of Sherman Richardson improperly exceeds $15,000 and violates the statutory cap in Penal Law § 60.27(5)(a). Penal Law § 60.27(5)(a) provides that, except with the […]

July 1, 2020
Criminal Law, Evidence

ALTHOUGH IT WAS ERROR TO DENY THE DEFENSE REQUEST FOR A RODRIGUEZ HEARING BASED UPON THE PROSECUTOR’S ASSERTION THE COMPLAINANT AND THE DEFENDANT KNEW EACH OTHER, THE TRIAL TESTIMONY DEMONSTRATED THE COMPLAINANT AND DEFENDANT IN FACT KNEW EACH OTHER; THE DISSENT ARGUED THE COURT OF APPEALS REQUIRES THAT THE IDENTIFICATION ISSUE BE RESOLVED BEFORE TRIAL (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department affirmed defendant’s conviction over a substantive dissent. Arguing against a Wade hearing addressing the suggestiveness of the complainant’s identification of the defendant from single photograph displays, the prosecutor told the judge the complainant and the defendant knew each other and the identification procedures were merely confirmatory. Defendant denied knowing the complainant and requested a Rodriguez hearing. The […]

July 1, 2020
Civil Procedure, Family Law, Judges

THE CONDITIONAL DIRECTIVE THAT FATHER BE AWARDED SOLE CUSTODY IF MOTHER DID NOT RETURN FROM SWEDEN WITH THE CHILD IS NOT ENFORCEABLE; A CHANGE IN CUSTODY MUST BE BASED ON THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILD AND SHOULD NOT BE USED TO PUNISH A PARENT (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Family Court, determined the conditional directive that sole custody of the child be awarded to father if mother did not return from Sweden with the child within 30 days was not enforceable. There was no application for a change of custody before the court. The conditional directive was issued to punish mother […]

July 1, 2020
Family Law

THE PARENT’S INABILITY TO CONTROL THE CHILD’S BROTHER PRECLUDED THE RETURN OF THE CHILD TO THE PARENT’S CUSTODY AFTER TEMPORARY REMOVAL (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Family Court, determined the record did not support the return of the child to the parent’s custody after temporary removal. The Second Department found that the parent’s difficulty controlling the child’s brother, who requires constant supervision, put the child at risk: “An application pursuant to Family Court Act § 1028(a) for […]

July 1, 2020
Civil Procedure, Medical Malpractice, Negligence

NEW THEORY PRESENTED IN OPPOSITION TO DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ON THE LACK-OF-INFORMED-CONSENT CAUSE OF ACTION SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED (SECOND DEPT). ​

The Second Department, reversing (modifying) Supreme Court, determined plaintiff’s lack-of-informed-consent cause of action in this medical malpractice case should have been dismissed. Plaintiff had alleged a new theory in response to defendant’s motion for summary judgment which should not have been considered because the theory was not discernable from the pleadings: … [T]he Supreme Court should […]

July 1, 2020
Civil Procedure, Debtor-Creditor

THE PROMISSORY NOTE WAS NOT DEMONSTRATED TO BE AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE PAYMENT OF MONEY ONLY, THE MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT IN LIEU OF COMPLAINT SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN GRANTED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment in lieu of complaint (CPLR 3213) based upon a promissory note should not have been granted. The note was not demonstrated to be an instrument for the payment of money only: Pursuant to CPLR 3213, a plaintiff demonstrates its prima facie entitlement to […]

July 1, 2020
Architectural Malpractice, Civil Procedure, Contract Law, Negligence

QUESTIONS OF FACT WHETHER THE CONTINUOUS REPRESENTATION DOCTRINE TOLLED THE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS IN THIS ARCHITECTURAL MALPRACTICE/BREACH OF CONTRACT ACTION (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined there were questions of fact about whether the continuous representation doctrine tolled the statute of limitations in this architectural malpractice/breach of contract action. Defendant’s decedent was hired by plaintiff to construct a four-story condominium. Although the work was completed in 2008 there were problems getting approval by the city […]

July 1, 2020
Medical Malpractice, Negligence, Public Health Law

MOTHER CANNOT RECOVER DAMAGES FOR EMOTIONAL DISTRESS FOR INJURY IN UTERO WHERE, AS HERE, THE CHILD WAS BORN ALIVE (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department determined plaintiff-mother’s action for damages for emotional harm stemming from the birth of her child was properly dismissed. A mother cannot recover for emotional distress for injury in utero if the child is born alive: A mother cannot recover damages for emotional harm where the alleged malpractice causes in utero injury to […]

July 1, 2020
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