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Bruce Freeman

About Bruce Freeman

This author has not written his bio yet.
But we are proud to say that Bruce Freeman contributed 11625 entries already.

Entries by Bruce Freeman

Family Law, Judges

FAMILY COURT SHOULD NOT HAVE DELEGATED ITS AUTHORITY TO DETERMINE PARENTAL ACCESS BY CONDITIONING ACCESS ON THE CONSENT OF THE CHILDREN (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing (modifying) Family Court, determined the court should not have delegated its authority to determine parental access by conditional parental access on the consent of the children: … “[A] court may not delegate its authority to determine parental access to either a parent or a child” … . Here, the Family Court […]

February 18, 2026
Evidence, Medical Malpractice, Negligence

PLAINTIFF ALLEGED DEFENDANT NEGLIGENTLY PERFORMED A ROBOTIC ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC ADRENALECTOMY; PLAINTIFF’S EXPERT, A GENERAL SURGEON WHO WAS EXPERIENCED IN LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY, BUT NOT ROBOTIC SURGERY, SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN PRECLUDED FROM TESTIFYING; THE LACK OF EXPERIENCE WITH ROBOTIC SURGERY WENT TO THE WEIGHT OF THE TESTIMONY, NOT ITS ADMISSIBILITY (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court’s dismissal of the medical malpractice complaint, determined the testimony of the plaintiff’s expert, a general surgeon, should not have been precluded on the ground he was not qualified to testify about robotic surgery. The complaint alleged the defendant negligently performed a robotic assisted laparoscopic adrenalectomy: “A medical expert need […]

February 18, 2026
Civil Procedure

ALTHOUGH DEFENDANT HAD JURISDICTIONAL GROUNDS FOR VACATING THE JUDGMENT, HE WAIVED ANY JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES BY PARTICIPATING IN AN EXAMINATION UNDER OATH BEFORE MOVING TO VACATE THE JUDGMENT (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined that defendant had waived any jurisdictional (improper service and notice) issues by participating in an examination under oath in connection with the underlying renewal-judgment enforcement proceeding. Defendant had defaulted in the renewal-judgment proceeding and summary judgment had been awarded to plaintiff. After participating in the examination under oath, […]

February 18, 2026
Civil Procedure, Civil Rights Law, Defamation, Environmental Law

THE DEFAMATION SUIT BY PLAINTIFF MARINA OWNER AGAINST AN ENVRONMENTAL ADVOCACY ORGANIZATION AND A PUBLISHER WAS A STRATEGIC LAWSUIT AGAINST PUBLIC PARTICIPATION (SLAPP); DEFENDANT WAS ABLE TO SHOW ONE PUBLISHED STATEMENT WAS FALSE; THEREFORE THE ACTION CAN PROCEED WITH RESPECT TO THAT ONE STATEMENT (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing (modifying) Supreme Court, determined the action by plaintiff marina-owner against defendant environmental advocacy organization and defendant publisher was a strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPP). Therefore the burden shifted to plaintiff to demonstrate there was a substantial basis in law to allege that published statements were false. The Second Department found […]

February 18, 2026
Civil Procedure, Insurance Law, Negligence

THE MOTION TO INTERVENE BY AN INSURER SEEKING SUBROGATION FOR A CLAIM ALREADY PAID IN THIS VEHICLE-ACCIDENT CASE WAS TIMELY UNDER THE RELATION-BACK DOCTRINE; THE PAID CLAIM STEMMED FROM THE ACCIDENT WHICH IS THE SUBJECT OF THE ONGOING LITIGATION; THE MOTION TO INTERVENE SHOULD HAVE BEEN GRANTED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined the insurer, Utica, which paid out $775,000 to plaintiff under an uninsured motorist policy purchased by plaintiff’s employer, was entitled intervene seeking subrogation in a lawsuit stemming from the same accident. Although the motion to intervene was untimely, it should have been granted under the relation-back doctrine. Plaintiff […]

February 18, 2026
Employment Law, Negligence, Workers' Compensation

PLAINTIFF WAS INJURED WORKING UNDER GTLF’S SUPERVISION; GTLF HAD HIRED ATRIUM, PLAINTIFF’S GENERAL EMPLOYER, TO HANDLE CERTAIN ASPECTS OF PLAINTIFF’S EMPLOYMENT, INCLUDING PAYROLL AND WORKERS’ COMPENSATION INSURANCE; PLAINTIFF RECEIVED WORKERS’ COMPENSATION BENEFITS FROM ATRIUM FOR A WORK-RELATED INJURY; GTLF, AS PLAINTIFF’S SPECIAL EMPLOYER, CANNOT BE SUED IN NEGLIGENCE BY PLAINTIFF (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined GTLF was plaintiff’s special employer and Atrium was plaintiff’s general employer. The Workers’ Compensation Board determined plaintiff was entitled to Workers’ Compensation benefits from Atrium, his general employer, for a work-related injury. Therefore, plaintiff could not sue GTLF, his special employer, in negligence based upon that work-related injury. […]

February 18, 2026
Civil Procedure, Constitutional Law, Contract Law, Copyright, Employment Law, Trade Secrets

THIS LAWSUIT BY AN EMPLOYER AGAINST AN EMPLOYEE WHO ALLEGEDLY USED PLAINTIFF’S PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AFTER RESIGNING PRESENTS FACT-SPECIFIC ISSUES IN THE CONTEXT OF RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS IN THE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, COPYRIGHT LAW (PRE-EMPTION OF STATE LAW CLAIMS), TRADE SECRETS, AND THE PROPRIETY OF A PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION; ALL OF THESE COMPLEX ISSUES CANNOT BE FAIRLY SUMMARIZED HERE; THE DECISION IS WORTH CONSULTING (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing (modifying) Supreme Court, determined the Copyright Act pre-empted some but not all of plaintiff’s breach of confidentiality and breach of employment contract claims, defendants’ cross-motions to dismiss sounding in unfair competition should not have granted; the complaint stated a cause of action for unfair competition based on misappropriation of proprietary information; […]

February 18, 2026
Criminal Law, Evidence, Judges

THE JUDGE’S QUESTIONING OF WITNESSES, GUIDANCE OF THE PROSECUTION, AND OBVIOUS BIAS IN FAVOR OF THE PROSECUTION DEPRIVED DEFENDANT OF A FAIR TRIAL (SECOND DEPT). ​

The Second Department, reversing defendant’s conviction and ordering a new trial, determined the evidence supported the convictions but the judge’s questioning of witnesses and obvious bias in favor of the prosecution deprived defendant of a fair trial. The issue was not preserved for appeal but the Second Department considered it in the interest of justice: […]

February 18, 2026
Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Evidence

THE SECOND DEPARTMENT REVERSED SUPREME COURT AND FOUND THERE WAS “GOOD CAUSE” FOR THE 27-YEAR DELAY BETWEEN THE HOMICIDE AND DEFENDANT’S ARREST FOR MURDER (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, in a detailed full-fledged opinion by Justice Wan, determined defendant’s due process rights were not violated by a 27-year delay between the homicide and defendant’s arrest for murder. The opinion is necessarily fact-specific. The facts were analyzed using the “Taranovich factors” for determining whether a defendant’s right to a […]

February 18, 2026
Religion, Zoning

THE TOWN ZONING BOARD OF APPEALS MADE NO ATTEMPT TO ACCOMMODATE THE PROPOSED RELIGIOUS USE OF A SINGLE FAMILY HOME; MATTER REMITTED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court and remitting the matter to the town zoning board of appeals, determined the board made no attempt to accommodate the application for religious use of a single-family home. The application sought to change the use of the property from “one family” to “place of worship accessory to one family” […]

February 18, 2026
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