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DEFENDANTS “EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH IN AMERICA (ELCA)” AND “UPSTATE NEW YORK SYNOD OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH IN AMERICA (SYNOD)” HAD THE POWER TO DISCIPLINE AND TERMINATE A PASTOR ACCUSED OF ABUSE; THEREFORE THERE WAS A QUESTION OF FACT WHETHER THOSE DEFENDANTS WERE THE PASTOR’S EMPLOYERS; THE NEGLIGENT HIRING, SUPERVISION AND RETENTION CAUSES OF ACTION SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN DISMISSED (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined the negligent hiring, retention and supervision causes of action against Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) and Upstate New York Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (Synod) should not have been dismissed on the ground that the alleged abuser (a pastor) was not an employee. Although […]

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DEFENDANT WAIVED HIS RIGHT TO EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL BY REFUSING TO ATTEND THE TRIAL AND DIRECTING DEFENSE COUNSEL NOT TO PARTICIPATE IN THE TRIAL; A TWO-JUSTICE DISSENT CONCLUDED DEFENSE COUNSEL’S FAILURE TO PARTICIPATE CONSTITUTED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, over a two-justice dissent, affirmed defendant’s conviction after he was tried in absentia. Defendant was properly denied a request for new counsel. Defendant then directed his attorney not to participate in the trial and defendant did not attend the trial. Defense counsel did not participate, except to make a motion for a […]

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THE CLAIM IN THIS CHILD VICTIMS ACT PROCEEDING DID NOT SET FORTH ANY FACTUAL BASIS FOR THE ALLEGATION THE STATE WAS OR SHOULD HAVE BEEN AWARE OF SEXUAL ABUSE BY ANOTHER CHILD IN A FOSTER HOME AND BY AN EMPLOYEE OF A CHILDREN’S FACILITY; THE CLAIM SHOULD HAVE BEEN DISMISSED (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing the Court of Claims in this Child Victims Act proceeding, determined the claim did not set forth any factual basis for the allegation defendants were or should have been aware of the abuse by a child in a foster home and by a staff member of a children’s facility. The claim, […]

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ALTHOUGH THERE WAS NO QUESTION PLAINTIFF’S CAR HYDROPLANED AND SLID INTO DEFENDANT’S LANE, DEFENDANT INCLUDED PLAINTIFF’S DEPOSITION TESTIMONY IN HIS MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT WHICH RAISED A QUESTION OF FACT ABOUT HOW LONG PLAINTIFF’S CAR WAS IN DEFENDANT’S LANE BEFORE IT WAS STRUCK (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined defendant’s own motion papers, which included the deposition testimony of plaintiffs, raised questions of fact about whether the emergency doctrine applied in this car accident case. Plaintiff testified her car hydroplaned on rain water and slid into the oncoming lane where her car was struck by defendant’s. Plaintiff […]

THE FAILURE TO TIMELY SERVE THE COUNTY TREASURER WITH THE PETITION SEEKING JUDICIAL REVIEW OF A PROPERTY TAX ASSESSMENT, A VIOLATION OF RPTL 708 (3), REQUIRED DISMISSAL OF THE PETITION (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined the petitioners in this action seeking judicial review of a property tax assessment did not demonstrate good cause for failing to timely serve the county treasurer. The petition should have been dismissed: RPTL 708 (3) requires that “one copy of the petition and notice shall be mailed within […]

GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW 9-103 PROVIDES IMMUNITY FROM NEGLIGENCE SUITS STEMMING FROM AUTHORIZED RECREATIONAL USE OF THE OWNER’S PROPERTY, BUT DOES NOT PROVIDE IMMUNITY FOR ACTIONS OR OMISSIONS BY THE OWNER ALLEGED TO BE “WILLFUL OR MALICIOUS” (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing (modifying) Supreme Court, determined plaintiff mountain biker’s (Fleming’s) cause of action alleging defendants’ failure to properly maintain a wooden bridge on a trail was properly dismissed pursuant to General Obligations law section 9-103. But the cause of action alleging the negligent failure to maintain the bridge and the negligent failure to […]

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ALTHOUGH THE PHOTOGRAPH OF THE SIDEWALK DEFECT WAS TAKEN A YEAR BEFORE THE SLIP AND FALL, PLAINTIFF’S TESTIMONY THE PHOTO ACCURATELY AND FAIRLY DEPICTED THE CONDITION OF THE SIDEWALK AT THE TIME OF THE FALL WAS SUFFICIENT (FIRST DEPT). ​

The First Department, reversing Supreme Court’s denial of plaintiff’s summary judgment motion, determined the raised sidewalk flag which caused plaintiff’s slip and fall was sufficiently proven by a photograph taken a year before the accident because plaintiff testified the photo accurately depicted the condition of the sidewalk at the time of the accident: Plaintiff demonstrated […]

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INCARCERATED FATHER SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN AWARDED IN-PERSON VISITATION WITH HIS SON ONCE EVERY SIX MONTHS; FATHER HAD STABBED MOTHER WHILE SHE WAS HOLDING THE CHILD AND FATHER HAD HARASSED MOTHER DURING PERMITTED PHONE CALLS (FIRST DEPT).

The First Department, reversing Family Court, determined the award of in-person visitation by the child with the incarcerated father once every six months was not supported by the record: Visitation with a noncustodial parent, including an incarcerated parent, is generally presumed to be in the best interests of the child … . However, that presumption […]

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UNDER THE CONSTITUTIONAL ERROR STANDARD, HEARSAY STATEMENTS ADMITTED IN THIS ATTEMPTED MURDER AND FIRST DEGREE ASSAULT TRIAL CONSTITUTED HARMLESS ERROR, CRITERIA EXPLAINED (CT APP).

The Court of Appeals, reversing the Appellate Division, determined the hearsay statements allowed in evidence in the attempted murder and assault first degree trial constituted harmless error: Before this Court, the parties primarily focus on whether the erroneous admission of testimony reflecting the daughter’s statements was harmless. Applying the standard for constitutional errors, we conclude […]

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THE COVID FORECLOSURE MORATORIUM INSTITUTED BY HUD FOR FHA INSURED MORTGAGES APPLIED TO RENDER THE REVERSE MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE IN THIS CASE TIMELY (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, in a full-fledged opinion by Justice Miller, addressing a question of first impression, determined that the COVID foreclosure moratorium instituted by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) which stayed foreclosures on mortgages issued by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) applied to render an action to foreclose a reverse mortgage […]

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