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Bruce Freeman

About Bruce Freeman

This author has not written his bio yet.
But we are proud to say that Bruce Freeman contributed 11668 entries already.

Entries by Bruce Freeman

Appeals, Criminal Law, Evidence

Failure to Object to Curative Instruction Precludes Appeal

A curative instruction regarding admitted evidence was requested by the defendant and the court gave the requested instruction to the jury.  The defendant did not object to the instruction and did not seek a mistrial.  Therefore, the curative instruction “must be deemed to have corrected the error to the defendant’s satisfaction,” precluding appeal on that […]

March 15, 2013
Civil Procedure, Family Law

Prior Court Ruling Can Not Be Altered Even If Erroneous

In reversing the trial court’s termination of the plaintiff-husband’s obligation to provide defendant-wife with medical coverage, the Fourth Department explained that it must apply the doctrine of res judicata, even where  the prior ruling had been erroneously decided: We agree with defendant that the court erred in terminating plaintiff’s obligation to provide her with medical […]

March 15, 2013
Criminal Law, Evidence, Sex Offender Registration Act (SORA)

In SORA Context, Mild Mental Retardation Is Not a “Mental Disability”

In the context of a SORA determination, the Fourth Department noted that proof the victim had been diagnosed as mildly mentally retarded did not demonstrate the victim suffered from a “mental disability” within the meaning of the Correction Law: We agree with defendant, however, that the People failed to present the requisite clear and convincing […]

March 15, 2013
Constitutional Law, Criminal Law

17-Year Pre-Indictment Delay Did Not Violate Right to Speedy Trial

A 17-year pre-indictment delay did not violate defendant’s right to a speedy trial.  The Fourth Department wrote: On appeal from a judgment convicting him upon a jury verdict of murder in the second degree (Penal Law § 125.25 [1]), defendant contends that the 17-year preindictment delay violated his constitutional right to a speedy trial.We reject […]

March 15, 2013
Criminal Law, Evidence

Violation of Probation Petition May Be Based Upon Hearsay

The Fourth Department determined that a “violation of probation” petition need not include non-hearsay allegation establishing every element of the violation charged: …[A]lthough Family Court Act § 360.2 (2) specifically requires that VOP petitions in juvenile delinquency proceedings contain “[n]on[]hearsay allegations . . . establish[ing], if true, every violation charged,” there is no corresponding requirement […]

March 15, 2013
Contempt, Criminal Law

Court’s Failure to Inquire Further When It Was Not Clear Defendant’s Plea Was Knowing and Voluntary Required Vacation of Plea

In a criminal contempt (first degree) case, the Fourth Department determined defendant’s plea colloquy “negated essential elements of the crime to which he pleaded guilty inasmuch as his colloquy indicated that the order of protection was not issued pursuant to the statutory sections set forth in Penal Law [section] 215.51 (c), and that the predicate […]

March 15, 2013
Correction Law, Criminal Law

Failure of Sentencing Court to Inform Defendant of Period of Post-Release Supervision Required Release after Sentence Served

The Department of Corrections cannot remedy a court’s failure to impose a period of post-release supervision.  In this case the prisoner’s habeas corpus petition was granted and the prisoner, who had served his sentence, was released.  The Fourth Department determined that the sentencing court’s statement—“the supervisory period under the violent felony offender sentencing statute will […]

March 15, 2013
Contract Law, Fraud, Municipal Law

County Executive Has Authority to Commence Lawsuit Without Resolution from County Legislature

The Fourth Department determined the Erie County Executive had the authority to bring a lawsuit alleging fraud on the part of a County Commissioner which resulted in the payment of more than $4,000,000 for goods and services that had not been provided.  The defendant contended the County could not bring the suit absent a resolution […]

March 15, 2013
Contract Law

Performance and Design Specification Contracts Defined

This breach of contract case concerned the installation of “jet grout bottom seal” at a wastewater treatment plant.  In the course of its discussion, the Fourth Department explained the difference between performance and design specification contracts: We … conclude that there are issues of fact concerning whether the contract was one of performance or design […]

March 15, 2013
Contract Law, Real Estate

Pre-Closing Inspection Disallowed Because There Was No Mention of a Pre-Closing Inspection in the Purchase Contract

The Fourth Department determined a purchase contract which contained a merger clause prohibiting oral modifications and which did not have a provision allowing a pre-closing inspection did not provide the buyer with the right to inspect the property.  Under the rules for the interpretation of an unambiguous contract, “ ‘courts should be extremely reluctant to […]

March 15, 2013
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