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You are here: Home1 / Bruce Freeman
Bruce Freeman

About Bruce Freeman

This author has not written his bio yet.
But we are proud to say that Bruce Freeman contributed 11625 entries already.

Entries by Bruce Freeman

Labor Law-Construction Law

Criteria for Labor Law 200 Claim Explained

The plaintiff fell when a plank on a catwalk broke.  In the course of the decision, which addressed several Labor Law claims, the Second Department explained the criteria for a Labor Law section 200 cause of action based on an alleged dangerous condition: Labor Law § 200 “is a codification of the common-law duty imposed […]

May 8, 2013
Employment Law, Labor Law

“Service Charge” Could Be “Gratuity” to Which Employer Not Entitled

In upholding the sufficiency of a complaint seeking damages for violations of Labor Law section 196-d, alleging that a 15 to 20% “service charge” on catering and hospital forms was actually a “gratuity,” the Second Department wrote: Labor Law § 196-d provides, in pertinent part, that “[n]o employer . . . shall demand or accept, […]

May 8, 2013
Civil Procedure

Defective Release Did Not Trigger 90-Day Clock for Payment of Settlement Amount

The Second Department determined that a release that was defective because it excluded subrogation claims did not start the 90-day clock, pursuant to CPLR 5003-a(e), for payment of the settlement amount: Here, contrary to the plaintiff’s contention, the general release provided by the plaintiff was defective, since it expressly excluded potential subrogation claims against the […]

May 8, 2013
Family Law

Sufficient Grounds for Custody Hearing Raised​

The Second Department determined Supreme Court erred when it denied plaintiff’s motion for a change in custody/visitation without holding a hearing.  The plaintiff had alleged, among other things, the defendant operated a vehicle in an impaired state, posing a danger to the children: Here, the plaintiff made the necessary showing entitling him to a hearing […]

May 8, 2013
Family Law

Burden Is On Parent to Demonstrate Exception to Statutory Relief from Making Reasonable Efforts to Reunite

The Second Department explained how the exception to Family Ct Act 1039-b[b], relating to making reasonable efforts to reunite parent and child, works. Once an enumerated condition which eliminates the need to make reasonable efforts to reunite is demonstrated, the burden switches to the parent to show that the exception should be applied: Here …ACS […]

May 8, 2013
Criminal Law, Insurance Law

Sexual Assault by Son of Homeowners Not an Insured “Occurrence” Under Homeowners’ Insurance Policy

The Second Department determined a sexual assault allegedly perpetrated by the son of the homeowners was not an insured “occurrence” within the meaning of the homeowners’ insurance policy: Here, Joseph M. allegedly was insured under a homeowner’s insurance policy issued by the plaintiff to his parents, which provided personal liability coverage for claims made against […]

May 8, 2013
Negligence

Question of Fact About Property Owner’s Liability for Condition of Sidewalk Raised

The Second Department determined a question of fact had been raised about whether a property owner was liable to a pedestrian who allegedly fell because of the condition of the sidewalk.  Because the sidewalk was essentially part of the defendant landowner’s driveway, the sidewalk was subject to “special use” by the landowner which may impose […]

May 8, 2013
Municipal Law, Negligence

Property Owner’s Obligation to Remove Snow and Ice from Sidewalk​

The Second Department explained the obligation of the owner of an owner-occupied, two-family, residential house with respect to the removal of ice and snow from the abutting sidewalk: Since the defendants’ property, a two-family house, was owner-occupied and used exclusively for residential purposes, the defendants were exempt from liability imposed pursuant to Administrative Code of […]

May 8, 2013
Education-School Law, Negligence

College Had No Duty to Supervise Fraternity “Pledging” Activities

The Second Department affirmed the dismissal of an action brought by a student against his college alleging a failure to supervise a fraternity’s “pledging” activities (resulting in personal injuries).  The Court wrote: “Absent a duty of care, there is no breach, and without breach there can be no liability” …. The existence of a legal […]

May 8, 2013
Evidence, Negligence

Jury Need Not Draw the Permissible Inference of Negligence Under Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur, Even Where Defendant Offers No Proof 

The Second Department explained that the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur makes out a prima facie case of negligence but the jury is not required to draw the permissible inference of negligence, even where the defendant offers no proof: The doctrine of res ipsa loquitur permits an inference of negligence to be drawn solely from […]

May 8, 2013
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