PLAINTIFF-TEACHER WAS STRUCK IN THE BACK BY A BASKETBALL THAT BOUNCED OFF THE RIM DURING A RECESS-PERIOD BASKETBALL GAME; PLAINTIFF SUED THE COMPANY WHICH CONTRACTED WITH THE SCHOOL TO PROVIDE A BASKETBALL COACH FOR RECESS GAMES; NO “ESPINAL”EXCEPTIONS APPLIED SO PLAIINTIFF, AS A NON-PARTY, COULD NOT SUE UNDER THE CONTRACT; IN ADDITION, PLAINTIFF, BY STANDING 10 TO 12 FEET FROM THE BASKETBALL COURT, ASSUMED THE RISK OF BEING STRUCK BY A BASKETBALL (FIRST DEPT).

The First Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined plaintiff-teacher’s action against the company hired by the school (Asphalt Green) to provide a basketball coach for school recess-periods should have been dismissed. Plaintiff was standing 10 to 12 feet from the basketball court when a basketball bounced off the rim and struck her in the back. Plaintiff was not a party to the contract between the school and Asphalt Green and none of the Espinal exceptions applied. In addition, plaintiff assumed the risk of being struck by a basketball:

A contracting party can assume a duty of care toward a third party where: 1) “the contracting party, in failing to exercise reasonable care in the performance of his duties, launches a force or instrument of harm”; 2) “the plaintiff detrimentally relies on the continued performance of the contracting party’s duties”; or 3) “the contracting party has entirely displaced the other party’s duty to maintain the premises safely” (Espinal, 98 NY2d at 140 [internal citations omitted]). However, none of these exceptions apply to this case.

The facts do not establish that defendants launched an instrument of harm. * * * A missed basketball shot that bounces off the rim isa frequent occurrence in basketball games. * * * There is no claim that this was anything other than a normal basketball game being played during recess. * * *

Under the primary assumption of risk doctrine, “one is deemed to have assumed, as a voluntary participant, spectator, or even bystander certain risks occasioned by athletic or recreational activity, and to the extent of such an assumption, any legally enforceable duty to reduce the risks of such activity is limited” … . Carrero-Santiago v Asphalt Green, Inc., 2026 NY Slip Op 05144, First Dept 8-27-26

Practice Point: Plaintiff-teacher was not a party to the contract between the school and the company which provided a recess basketball coach. Because no “Espinal” exceptions applied, plaintiff, who was struck by an errant basketball while supervising recess, could not sue under the contract.

Practice Point: Plaintiff-teacher, who was standing 10 to 12 feet from the basketball court while supervising recess, assumed the risk of being struck by a basketball.