THE INTERSATE COMPACT ON THE PLACEMENT OF CHILDREN (ICPC) APPLIES ONLY TO PLACEMENT IN FOSTER CARE OR PLACEMENT RELATED TO ADOPTION; THEREFORE THE ICPC DID NOT APPLY HERE WHERE FATHER, A NORTH CAROLINA RESIDENT, SOUGHT CUSTODY OF THE CHILD; NORTH CAROLINA, APPLYING THE ICPC, DID NOT APPROVE PLACEMENT WITH FATHER; THE APPELLATE DIVISION’S DENIAL OF FATHER’S CUSTODY PETITION ON THAT GROUND WAS REVERSED (CT APP).

The Court of Appeals, in a full-fledged opinion by Judge Cannataro, resolving a conflict between Second and First Departments, determined the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (ICPC), which requires that a state approve the placement of a child from another sate, applies only to placement in foster care or adoption, and not, as here, placement with a parent. In this case, the child was in foster care in New York and father, a North Carolina resident, sought custody. Applying the ICPC, North Carolina did not approve placement with father in North Carolina, and the New York courts denied father’s custody petition on that ground. The Court of Appeals held placement with father did not trigger the application of the ICPC:

By its terms, the ICPC governs the out-of-state “placement” of children “in foster care or as a preliminary to possible adoption” (Social Services Law § 374-a [1] [art III] [a] & [b]). The language of the statute thus unambiguously limits its applicability to cases of placement for foster care or adoption—which are substitutes for parental care that are not implicated when custody of the child is granted to a noncustodial parent. * * *

Although the ICPC does not apply to placement with a parent, the Family Court Act contains other effective means to ensure the safety of a child before awarding custody to an out-of-state parent. Family Court retains jurisdiction over custody proceedings and has a broad array of powers under the Family Court Act to ensure a child’s safety. Matter of D.L. v S.B., 2022 NY Slip Op 05940, CtApp 10-25-22

Practice Point: The Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (ICPC) applies only to foster-care placement and adoption-related placement in another state. The ICPC, therefore, did not apply here where father, a North Carolina resident, sought custody of the child, who was in foster care in New York. Applying the ICPC, North Carolina did not approve placement with father and father’s New York custody petition was improperly denied on that ground.