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Criteria for a Civil Contempt Finding

The Second Department, in finding defendant had violated a court order with respect to discovery (and therefore was in contempt), explained the criteria for civil contempt:

“To sustain a finding of civil contempt, a court must find that the alleged contemnor violated a lawful order of the court, clearly expressing an unequivocal mandate, of which that party had knowledge, and that as a result of the violation a right of a party to the litigation was prejudiced” … . The movant bears the burden of proving the civil contempt by clear and convincing evidence… . DeMaio v Capozello, 2014 NY Slip Op 01291, 2nd Dept 2-26-14

 

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Operating a Scaffold for the Benefit of an Enumerated Activity Done by Others... Unjust Enrichment Does Not Require a Wrongful Act by the One Enriched