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NEW YORK’S “TOLLING” PROVISION FOR PREDICATE FELONIES REQUIRES ONLY A MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION TO DETERMINE HOW LONG THE TEN-YEAR LOOK-BACK IS EXTENDED BY PERIODS OF A DEFENDANT’S INCARCERATION; THEREFORE THERE IS NO NEED FOR A JURY TO MAKE FACTUAL FINDINGS BEFORE THE LOOK-BACK CALCULATION CAN BE MADE (FIRST DEPT).

The First Department, in a full-fledged opinion by Justice Webber, determined that New York “tolling provision,” which extends the ten-year look-back for predicate felonies by the amount of time defendant was incarcerated, is a purely mathematical calculation that does not require consideration by a jury:

…New York’s tolling provision requires a determination of whether the defendant was incarcerated and, if so, the dates of incarceration (see Penal Law §§ 70.06[1][b][iv],[v]; 70.08[1][b]). Thus, the tolling provision requires “rote arithmetic calculation to be made based on certified public records” … . The determination is completely objective. There is no assessment of defendant’s conduct or culpability. Rather, it is a determination of the amount of time a defendant was incarcerated between a previous conviction and the instant offense. There need only be a review of the official records of incarceration—i.e., when the defendant was admitted into the facility, when the defendant was released and any time in between. People v Young, 2026 NY Slip Op 02883, First Dept 5-7-26

Practice Point: Consult this opinion for insight into the nature and application of New York’s predicate-felony “tolling” provision.

 

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