THE FAMILY OFFENSE OF HARASSMENT REQUIRES A COURSE OF CONDUCT; A SINGLE, ISOLATED INCIDENT IS INSUFFICIENT (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing (modifying) Family Court, determined the evidence of the family offense of harassment was not sufficient. A single isolated incident is not enough:

” … [A] person commits the family offense of harassment in the second degree when, with intent to harass, annoy, or alarm another person, he or she ‘engages in a course of conduct or repeatedly commits acts which alarm or seriously annoy such other person and which serve no legitimate purpose'” … . “[T]here is no question that an isolated incident cannot support a finding of harassment” … .

Here, contrary to the Family Court’s finding, the father failed to establish by a fair preponderance of the evidence that the mother committed the family offense of harassment in the second degree, as the father failed to identify more than an isolated incident (see Penal Law § 240.26[3] …). The father testified to only one isolated incident involving a verbal dispute that he had with the mother and her husband … . That dispute occurred on the driveway of the father’s home when the mother and her husband dropped off the child at the father’s home, instead of at a police station, which the father claimed was the agreed upon exchange location. Matter of Martinez v Toole, 2025 NY Slip Op 03721, Second Dept 6-18-25

Practice Point: The family offense of harassment requires proof of a course of conduct, a single incident does not suffice.​