IN THIS CHILD VICTIM’S ACT CASE ALLEGING SEXUAL ABUSE AFTER PLACEMENT IN FOSTER CARE BY THE DEFENDANT COUNTY, THE SECOND DEPARTMENT, DISAGREEING WITH THE FIRST AND FOURTH DEPARTMENTS, DETERMINED THE COUNTY OWED PLAINTIFF A SPECIAL DUTY UPON ASSUMING CUSTODY OVER HER FOR FOSTER-CARE PLACEMENT (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, in a full-fledged opinion by Justice Ventura, affirming Supreme Court’s denial of the county’s motion for summary judgment, expressly disagreeing with contrary rulings in the First and Fourth Departments, determined a municipal agency which assumes custody over a child for the purpose of placing the child in foster care owes a special duty to the child. In this Child Victims Act case, plaintiff alleged sexual abuse during the 1970’s by her foster father and, during a different foster placement, by her adult neighbor:

The Court of Appeals has long held that “an agency of government is not liable for the negligent performance of a governmental function unless there existed a special duty to the injured person, in contrast to a general duty owed to the public” … . In this case, we consider how this rule applies in the context of claims against municipalities for the negligent placement and supervision of children in foster care. In contrast to the recent holdings of the Appellate Division, First and Fourth Departments, we conclude that a municipal agency owes a special duty to a foster child upon assuming legal custody of that child. An agency that assumes custody of a foster child, and which selects and supervises that child’s foster parents, necessarily owes a duty to the child “more than that owed the public generally” … . Thus, where, as here, a plaintiff asserts causes of action to recover damages for harm suffered by a foster child due to the negligent performance of a governmental function and alleges facts sufficient to show that the defendant municipal agency assumed legal custody over that child, that plaintiff need not prove any additional facts in order to satisfy the special duty rule. Adams v Suffolk County, 2024 NY Slip Op 05428, Second Dept 11-6-24

Practice Point: A municipality’s liability for negligence in performing a governmental function is predicated upon owing the injured party a special duty, over and above that owed to the general public. Here, disagreeing with contrary holdings in the First and Fourth Departments, the Second Department held a county which assumes custody of a child for placement in foster care owes a special duty to that child.