DEFENSE COUNSEL INEFFECTIVE FOR FAILING TO FILE A SUPPRESSION MOTION; THE FAILURE “INFECTED” THE GUILTY PLEA BECAUSE SUPPRESSION COULD HAVE LED TO DISMISSAL OF SOME OF THE INDICTMENT (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing defendant’s conviction, determined defense counsel’s failure to make a suppression motion constituted ineffective assistance:

… [W]e conclude that the record establishes that defense counsel could have presented a colorable argument that defendant’s detention was illegal and thus that any evidence obtained as a result thereof should have been suppressed as the fruit of the poisonous tree. One of the officers who initially detained defendant testified at a Huntley/Wade hearing that, prior to defendant’s arrest, one of the victims of a home invasion had described the suspects as two black men in their twenties, one of whom was wearing a hoodie “with some kind of emblem on the front.” About a half-hour later, the officer heard a broadcast of a tip from an unidentified retired police officer. The tip, as testified to at the hearing, reported “two [black] males [in their twenties] inside [a] corner store that possibly looked suspicious” with one that “might” have had “a handgun on his side” and another that was wearing a “teddy bear type hoodie,” which was later described as a hoodie with a teddy bear on the front. Based on that tip, officers responded to the corner store, entered with weapons drawn, and immediately ordered the two men, one of whom was defendant, to raise their hands. The officer testified, however, that the men were not acting suspiciously nor did she observe a weapon when she and her partner entered the store. While handcuffing defendant, the officer for the first time observed a handgun in defendant’s waistband, saw blood on defendant’s hoodie, and obtained statements from defendant. Defendant was thereafter taken for show-up identifications, during which the victims of the prior home invasion identified him as one of the men involved in that incident.

… [I]t cannot be said that a motion seeking suppression on the ground that defendant was unlawfully detained would have had “little or no chance of success” … , and instead those facts demonstrate that defense counsel failed to pursue a “colorable claim[]” that could have led to suppression … . …

… [D]efense counsel prepared such a motion to suppress evidence on that basis, indicated an intent to make that motion, and simply failed to file the motion despite having been twice informed by the court of the need to do so given the People’s refusal to consent to a hearing regarding the legality of the detention without such a motion. …

… [D]efendant’s contention survives his guilty plea inasmuch as the error in failing to seek suppression on that basis infected the plea bargaining process because suppression of the challenged evidence would have resulted in dismissal of at least some of the indictment … . People v Roots, 2022 NY Slip Op 06617, Fourth Dept 11-18-22

Practice Point: Defense counsel was deemed ineffective for failing to file a suppression motion. It worth noting that defense counsel had prepared a motion but failed to file it despite requests by the court and the prosecutor. The failure “infected” the guilty plea because suppression could have resulted in dismissal of some of the indictment.