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THE PEOPLE DID NOT DEMONSTRATE THE MIRANDA WARNINGS WERE READ TO DEFENDANT BEFORE HE WAS QUESTIONED; GUILTY PLEA VACATED; THERE WAS NO PROOF DEFENDANT WOULD HAVE PLED GUILTY IF SUPPRESSION HAD BEEN GRANTED, THEREFORE THE HARMLESS ERROR ANALYSIS WAS NOT APPLICABLE (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing County Court and vacating defendant’s guilty plea, determined defendant’s statement should have been suppressed:

… [T]he People rely on the investigator having talked to the trooper and, apparently, an inference that the trooper told the investigator that he read defendant his rights. However, the trooper did not testify to having read defendant his rights; he instead testified that he had no conversation with defendant. Although hearsay is admissible in suppression hearings … , this inference based on hearsay is insufficient for the People to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant was advised of his Miranda rights before being questioned. The investigator did not actually testify to what he heard the trooper say during their out-of-court conversation — that is, the investigator did not actually offer hearsay evidence that the trooper read defendant his Miranda warnings. Even if the People had proven that fact, the investigator’s conclusory assertion that defendant waived his right to counsel supplied no facts from which County Court could have rationally concluded that defendant’s waiver of his right to counsel — or any of his other rights — was knowing, voluntary and intelligent … . …

[A]bsent proof that [the defendant] would have [pleaded guilty] even if his [or her] motion had been granted, harmless error analysis is inapplicable” … . People v Teixeira-Ingram, 2021 NY Slip Op 06575, Third Dept 11-24-21

 

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