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THE POLICE ACTED ILLEGALLY IN DIRECTING DEFENDANT TO GET OUT OF HIS VEHICLE; HOWEVER THE DEFENDANT’S SUBSEQUENT INDEPENDENT ACT OF RUNNING OVER THE POLICE OFFICER DISSIPATED THE ILLEGALITY OF THE POLICE CONDUCT; THEREFORE DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO SUPPRESS CERTAIN TESTIMONY ABOUT THE ENCOUNTER WITH THE POLICE WAS PROPERLY DENIED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department determined defendant’s motion to suppress testimony about an encounter with police was properly denied. Although the police acted illegally in directing defendant to get out of his car and in trying to physically remove defendant from his car, the subsequent criminal act by the defendant, running over the police officer, dissipated the taint of the illegal police conduct:

“Where, like here, a vehicle is lawfully parked on the street and neither it nor its occupant is under any restraint, and the police have no grounds to suspect the occupant of criminality at that point, requesting the occupant to step out of the vehicle creates a new, unauthorized restraint” … . …

“Under the attenuation exception to the exclusionary rule, ‘[t]he question to be resolved when it is claimed that evidence subsequently obtained is ‘tainted’ or is ‘fruit’ of a prior illegality is whether the challenged evidence was [obtained] ‘by exploitation of [the initial] illegality or instead by means sufficiently distinguishable to be purged of the primary taint'” … . When determining whether an action taken by a defendant following an impermissible seizure dissipated the taint of the illegality, “[t]he test to be applied is whether defendant’s action . . . was spontaneous and precipitated by the illegality or whether it was a calculated act not provoked by the unlawful police activity and thus attenuated from it” … .

Here, the defendant’s action in running over Officer Manzella’s legs and ankles with the vehicle constituted a calculated, independent criminal act, which broke the chain of events and dissipated the taint of the initial unlawful police conduct … . People v Contreras, 2021 NY Slip Op 03048, Second Dept 5-12-21

 

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