THE USE OF TRANSLATORS TO DOCUMENT INFORMATION IN AN ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT DID NOT RENDER THE INSTRUMENTS FACIALLY INSUFFICIENT BY ADDING A LAYER OF HEARSAY (CT APP). ​

The Court of Appeals, in a full-fledged opinion by Judge Garcia, over a two-judge dissent, determined that the use of translators in documenting information in an accusatory instrument did not create an additional layer of hearsay. The three accusatory instruments at issue, therefore, were deemed facially sufficient. Two of the accusatory instruments did not refer to the use of a translator, and the third did:

… “[I]n evaluating the sufficiency of an accusatory instrument,” a court does “not look beyond its four corners (including supporting declarations appended thereto)” ( … see CPL 100.15 [3]; 100.40 [1] [c] …). Courts must “not rely on external factors to create jurisdictional defects not evident from the face of the” accusatory instrument … . Instead, “[w]hether the allegation of an element of an offense is hearsay, rendering the information defective, is to be determined on a facial reading of the accusatory instrument” … ..

Defects that do not appear on the “the face of the” accusatory instrument are “latent deficienc[ies]” that do not require dismissal … . * * *

We conclude that, when evaluating the facial sufficiency of an accusatory instrument, no hearsay defect exists where … the four corners of the instrument indicate only that an accurate, verbatim translation occurred, and the witness or complainant adopted the statement as their own by signing the instrument after the translation … . People v Slade, 2021 NY Slip Op 02866, CtApp 5-6-21