GRAND JURY EVIDENCE WAS SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT ROBBERY FIRST DEGREE DESPITE THE VICTIM’S TESTIMONY THAT HE DID NOT SEE A KNIFE (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing County Court, determined the evidence presented to the grand jury was sufficient to support the robbery count, despite the victim’s testimony he did not see a knife:

… [T]he victim observed a “small silver ring” in defendant’s hand. Although the victim did not see the blade of a knife at that time, he thought that defendant had a knife based upon his observation of the shiny, metal object in defendant’s hand that defendant tried to press against or jab toward the victim’s stomach. After the victim was able to pull away from defendant and warn him not to further approach, defendant walked away, and the victim called the police to report the crime and provide a description of the suspect. A police officer who responded a few minutes later testified that he apprehended defendant a couple blocks away carrying a Swiss Army knife with the blade extended.

… [W]e conclude that the victim’s testimony regarding his observation of the object in defendant’s hand during the encounter and the officer’s testimony regarding defendant’s apprehension close in time and place while carrying a knife is legally sufficient to support a prima facie case of robbery in the first degree with respect to defendant’s actual possession of a dangerous instrument … . Defendant nonetheless challenges the sufficiency of the evidence on the ground that the victim’s further testimony that he “guess[ed]” what he saw “was the edge of [defendant’s] Swiss Army knife that he had” constitutes inadmissible hearsay because the victim was repeating information that he must have obtained from the police regarding the precise nature of the object in defendant’s possession. Even assuming, arguendo, that such further testimony by the victim constituted inadmissible hearsay, we note that “the submission of some inadmissible evidence will be deemed fatal only when the remaining evidence is insufficient to sustain the indictment” … , and that is not the case here given the sufficiency of the remaining evidence … . People v Rawlinson, 2019 NY Slip Op 06354, Fourth Dept 8-22-19