Ex Parte Interview of Important Prosecution Witness Re: the Witness’ Health, Addictions and Ability to Testify Violated Defendants’ Right to Confrontation and Right to Counsel
The Court of Appeals, in a full-fledged opinion by Judge Lippman, over a dissent, determined that the court’s conducting an ex parte interview of a main prosecution witness concerning the witness’ health, addictions and his related ability to testify violated the defendants’ right to confrontation and right to counsel:
Absent a substantial justification, courts must not examine witnesses about nonministerial matters in camera without counsel present or ex parte (see … People v Goggins, 34 NY2d 163, 173 [1974]). “[A]n in-camera examination of the witnesses, that is ex parte or without the parties represented would, in our view, arguably trifle with the constitutional right to confrontation and the right to counsel” (Goggins, 34 NY2d at 169). A “defendant’s right to the full benefit of the adversary system should not be denied, nor qualified by impairing his right by interposing the ‘neutral’ Judge to assess whether the disclosure is relevant or material” (id.). Goggins concerned a defendant’s right to disclosure of an informant’s identity, and this Court held that where the information “relates to a substantive issue in the case, the disclosure should not be ex parte or without either party present even if in camera” (id. at 173). * * *
The denial of the right to counsel at trial “is of constitutional dimension” and is not subject to harmless error analysis … . Courts should not delve into questions of prejudice when assistance of counsel is involved … . As this Court recognized, “[t]he right to have the assistance of counsel is too fundamental and absolute to allow courts to indulge in nice calculations as to the amount of prejudice arising from its denial” … . And as this Court held in Hodge, a quantification of what impeachment material defense counsel might have obtained at the proceeding cannot be dispositive …, as harmless error does not apply in right-to-counsel cases … .
Here, the in camera proceeding clearly involved substantive issues as opposed to ministerial matters and there was no justification for excluding defense counsel. Because the discussion involved important issues for trial that might have affected a “substantial right” of a party, defense counsels’ presence was required… . People v Carr, 2015 NY Slip Op 02798, CtApp 4-2-15