Custody Petition by Maternal Grandmother Denied in Favor of Child’s Mother
In affirming the denial of custody to petitioner, the maternal grandmother, in favor of the child’s mother, the Third Department explained the relevant criteria:
“‘[A] biological parent has a claim of custody of his or her child, superior to that of all others, in the absence of surrender, abandonment, persistent neglect, unfitness, disruption of custody over an extended period of time or other extraordinary circumstances'” … . Significantly, the nonparent seeking custody bears a heavy burden of establishing the existence of extraordinary circumstances … .
Persistent neglect will be found where the parent “has failed either to maintain substantial, repeated and continuous contact with a child or to plan for the child’s future” … . While relinquishing care and control of a child for a continuous period of 24 months will be considered an extraordinary circumstance (see Domestic Relations Law § 72 [2]…), petitioner concedes that no such period of separation occurred here … . Although the child had visits with petitioner that lasted multiple weeks and, on at least one occasion, three months, the record does not reflect a prolonged period of separation or “a complete abdication of parental rights and responsibilities”… . Matter of Mildred PP v Samantha QQ, 514416, 3rd Dept 10-17-13