Trial Court’s Refusal to Allow Defense Witness to Be Called Required Reversal 

The Fourth Department (over two dissents) reversed defendant’s conviction and ordered a new trial because the defense was precluded from calling a witness.  The prosecution’s theory was that the defendant committed robbery, assault and burglary against the victim in retaliation for the victim’s informing the police defendant was growing marijuana in his house. It was anticipated the witness the defense was not allowed to call would testify that defendant accused him (the witness) of being the informant but did not assault or threaten him.  The Fourth Department explained:

It is well settled that “a defendant’s ‘right to present his own witnesses to establish a defense . . . is a fundamental element of due process of law’ ” …In fact, “[f]ew rights are more fundamental than that of an accused to present witnesses in his [or her] own defense” …Thus, the testimony of a defense witness should not be prospectively excluded unless the offer of such proof is palpably in bad faith …. Instead, courts upon proper objection should “rule on the admissibility of the evidence offered” …. Here, the People do not suggest that the testimony of the proposed witness was offered in bad faith, and the court did not make such a finding at trial. Indeed, there is no basis in the record for concluding that the offer of proof was palpably in bad faith. The court therefore should have allowed the proposed witness to testify, whereupon the prosecutor could object to any testimony she deemed inadmissible or improper.  People v Arena, KA 12-01632, 179, 4th Dept, 5-3-13

RIGHT TO PRESENT A DEFENSE