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COURT DID NOT CONSIDER THE APPROPRIATE FACTORS BEFORE PROCEEDING TO TRIAL IN DEFENDANT’S ABSENCE, DEFENDANT HAD MADE ALL PRIOR APPEARANCES AND NO EFFORT WAS MADE TO SECURE HIS PRESENCE AT THE TRIAL (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing defendant’s conviction, determined County Court did not consider the appropriate factors before ordering the trial in defendant’s absence. Defendant had made all prior appearances and no effort was made to secure his presence:

Defendant had been present at all prior appearances, and there was no explanation for his failure to appear at trial. Defendant’s counsel stated that he had been calling defendant for a week without success. That morning, counsel had contacted local jails and hospitals looking for defendant. Despite counsel’s request for an adjournment, County Court concluded that defendant had been warned of the consequences of failing to appear and had voluntarily decided to be absent. The court then issued a bench warrant and immediately began the trial.

County Court abused its discretion in conducting the trial in defendant’s absence, as the record does not reflect that the court considered the appropriate factors. Nothing in the record indicates any difficulty in rescheduling the trial, fear that evidence or witnesses would be lost or that further efforts to locate defendant would be futile … . “Moreover, the fact that trial was commenced immediately after issuance of a bench warrant demonstrates only a minimal effort to locate defendant prior to trial” … . The court did not provide even a short adjournment for execution of the warrant or a determination as to whether defendant could be located within a reasonable time … . Because the court violated defendant’s right to be present at his trial, we reverse. People v Smith, 2019 NY Slip Op 01858, Third Dept 3-14-19

 

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CONFLICTING PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATIONS REQUIRED A COMPETENCY HEARING, EVEN IF ONE OF THE PSYCHIATRISTS HAD CHANGED HIS OR HER MIND (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, over a dissent, determined a hearing was required to assess defendant’s competency to stand trial because conflicting reports from the two psychiatric evaluations. The fact that one of the psychiatrists apparently changed his or her opinion was deemed irrelevant. The matter was sent back for a reconstruction hearing:

… [T]here can be no dispute that, after receiving conflicting examination reports, County Court failed to conduct a competency hearing. Although the People rely on defense counsel’s representation that the psychiatric examiner who filed a report stating that defendant was not competent to stand trial had changed his mind, this representation and subsequent withdrawal of the request for a hearing did not relieve the court of its statutory duty to conduct a hearing pursuant to CPL 730.30 (4) for the purpose of determining defendant’s mental capacity to stand trial … . We agree with the dissent that, pursuant to CPL 730.30 (2), a competency hearing need not always be held “[w]hen the examination reports submitted to the court show that each psychiatric examiner is of the opinion that the defendant is not an incapacitated person” (emphasis added). However, we do not agree that CPL 730.30 (2) applies when the record demonstrates that the court has been provided with two conflicting examination reports, even if the defendant’s attorney represents that one of the examiners has since changed his or her opinion.

Given the circumstances present here, reconstruction of defendant’s mental capacity at the time of his violation hearing should be possible by means of “contemporaneous observation and records” … . People v Vandegrift, 2019 NY Slip Op 01854, Third Dept 3-14-19

 

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QUESTIONS OF FACT ABOUT THE TYPE OF STICKS AND BALLS USED IN THE LACROSSE GAME AND WHETHER THE FAILURE TO PROVIDE GOGGLES WAS THE PROXIMATE CAUSE OF PLAINTIFF-STUDENT’S EYE INJURY (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined the school district’s motion for summary judgment should not have been granted in this lacrosse injury case. There were questions of fact about the type of sticks and balls used such that protective goggles were required:

… [W]e find that a triable issue of fact exists as to the nature of the lacrosse game played by the students and whether protective goggles should have been used by the students based upon the game they were playing. Furthermore, under the circumstances of this case, a jury must determine whether defendants’ breach of their duty to provide protective goggles was a proximate cause of the infant’s eye injury … . Powers v Greenville Cent. Sch. Dist., 2019 NY Slip Op 01477, Third Dept 2-28-19

 

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ALTHOUGH PLAINTIFF DID NOT FALL ALL THE WAY THROUGH THE GAP IN THE ELEVATED PLATFORM WAS WIDE ENOUGH TO HAVE ALLOWED HIM TO FALL THROUGH, PLAINTIFF WAS ENTITLED TO SUMMARY JUDGMENT ON HIS LABOR LAW 240 (1) CAUSE OF ACTION (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department determined plaintiff was entitled to summary judgment on his Labor Law 240 (1) claim. Plaintiff’s leg fell through a one foot wide, twelve feet long, gap in the elevated platform he was working on. The fact that plaintiff could have fallen all the way through the gap entitled him to summary judgment. Although there may have been boards to cover the gap nearby, there was no evidence plaintiff was directed to cover the gap with the boards:

The opening presented an elevation-related risk, rather than a usual and ordinary danger of working on a construction site, because it was of sufficient size that claimant could have fallen entirely through to a lower level; therefore, Labor Law § 240 (1) applies to this accident because it was caused by a failure of the suspended metal deck — which was functioning as a scaffold — to provide adequate protection, even though claimant did not fall entirely through the opening … . …

… [T]here is no evidence in the record that claimant received any instruction or directive that would establish that he knew that he was responsible for either covering any openings, or requesting that they be covered by coworkers, before beginning work (see id.). Accordingly, we conclude that the Court of Claims properly determined that claimant was not the sole proximate cause of the accident … . . Santos v State of New York, 2019 NY Slip Op 01479, Third Dept 2-28-19

 

PETITIONER’S REQUEST FOR A VIDEOTAPE OF THE UNDERLYING INCIDENT WAS IMPROPERLY DENIED, EVEN THOUGH THE REQUEST WAS MADE FOR THE FIRST TIME DURING THE HEARING (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, ordering a new hearing, determined petitioner’s request for a videotape of the underlying incident was improperly denied by the hearing officer:

Although petitioner apparently did not request his assistant to obtain the videotape, he made such request during the course of the hearing. The Hearing Officer denied the request and informed petitioner that because he did not ask his assistant to obtain it, it was unpreserved. Based upon this omission, the Hearing Officer considered the videotape to be “unavailable.” However, there is nothing in the record to indicate that the videotape was, in fact, unavailable or that the Hearing Officer undertook any measures to ascertain if such videotape existed. In view of this, we conclude that petitioner’s request was improperly denied … . Matter of Davison v Annucci, 2019 NY Slip Op 01474, Third Dept 2-28-19

 

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WAIVER OF APPEAL DID NOT PRECLUDE CONSIDERATION OF AN ISSUE WHICH AROSE AFTER THE WAIVER, AT SENTENCING ALL WERE UNDER THE MISCONCEPTION DEFENDANT WAS A SECOND FELONY OFFENDER, SENTENCING JUDGE HAD SINCE BECOME THE PUBLIC DEFENDER, THE PUBLIC DEFENDER’S OFFICE COULD NOT, THEREFORE, REPRESENT DEFENDANT (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined that defendant’s waiver of appeal did not preclude consideration of an issue that came up after the waiver and the public defender’s office could not represent defendant because the sentencing judge had since become the public defender. At sentencing and at the time of the waiver of appeal, all were under the misconception defendant was a second felony offender:

… [D]efendant’s waiver of the right to appeal regarding his plea to the probation violation was entered under the misconception by all parties that defendant was a second felony drug offender. Accordingly, the waiver does not preclude our review of defendant’s appeal on resentencing because “the plea was entered pursuant to conditions that changed after defendant’s waiver” … . We agree with defendant’s argument on appeal that the Albany County Public Defender’s office was precluded, as a matter of law, from representing him at the resentencing hearing because the Public Defender, prior to being appointed to that position, was the County Judge who presided over and initially sentenced him in this matter (see Judiciary Law § 17 … ). Accordingly, the judgment resentencing defendant must be reversed and the matter remitted for resentencing, with different representation assigned to defendant. People v Sumter, 2019 NY Slip Op 01460, Third Dept 2-28-19

 

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EMPLOYEE’S ESTATE ENTITLED TO THE AMOUNT OF THE SCHEDULE LOSS OF USE AWARD THAT ACCRUED UP UNTIL THE EMPLOYEE’S DEATH, NOT THE ENTIRE SLU AWARD (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department determined that the employee’s estate was entitled to the portion of the schedule loss of use (SLU) award that had accrued up until the time of the employee’s death:

In our view, the 2009 statutory amendments did not alter the longstanding rule that, where an injured employee dies without leaving a surviving spouse, child under 18 years old or dependent, only that portion of the employee’s SLU award that had accrued at the time of the death is payable to the estate, along with reasonable funeral expenses… . Nor did, as claimant contends, the amendments alter the rate at which an SLU award accrues to an injured employee who is posthumously awarded SLU benefits. Absent clear statutory language or an indication of statutory intent, we cannot conclude that, in granting the option of a lump-sum payment, the Legislature intended for the employee’s estate to collect any portion of the posthumous SLU award that had not accrued prior to death. Accordingly, claimant was not entitled to the entirety of decedent’s SLU award. Matter of Estate of Youngjohn v Berry Plastics Corp., 2019 NY Slip Op 01290, Third Dept 2-21-19

 

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POLICE DOG RELEASED TO TRACK SUSPECTS WENT OUT OF THE HANDLER’S SIGHT AND BIT PLAINTIFF, 42 USC 1983, NEGLIGENCE AND BATTERY ACTIONS SURVIVED SUMMARY JUDGMENT, QUESTION OF FACT WHETHER POLICE OFFICER ENTITLED TO QUALIFIED IMMUNITY, CITY ENTITLED TO SUMMARY JUDGMENT PURSUANT TO THE PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT RULE (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department determined several causes of action property survived summary judgment in this case where a police officer (Ashe) released his K-9 partner (a trained police dog named Elza) which bit plaintiff as he was walking to his car. After Elza was released she ran out of Ashe’s sight. Ashe was attempting to use Elza to track suspects who had just robbed a gas station. The Third Department held, inter aliia, that the 42 USC 1983 action properly survived summary judgment, Ashe was not entitled to qualified immunity as a matter of law, the battery action properly survived summary judgment, and the city was entitled to summary judgment on the common-law negligence action based on the professional judgment rule:

There is at least a question of fact as to whether a reasonable police officer, aware that the dog could not differentiate a suspect from an innocent bystander, would allow the dog to search off leash and out of sight of the handler. Moreover, the record contains evidence from which a jury could find that the City “fail[ed] to train its employees in a relevant respect [that] evidences a deliberate indifference to the rights of its inhabitants[, which] can . . . be properly thought of as a city policy or custom that is actionable under [42 USC] § 1983” … . …

… [P]laintiffs’ expert … opined in his affidavit that Ashe failed to comply with standard police practice, including keeping the K-9 within visual range and providing audible warnings. Based on the foregoing, there are triable issues of fact that preclude summary judgment on the issue of Ashe’s entitlement to qualified immunity … . …

… [T]he City was entitled to dismissal of the common-law negligence claims based on the professional judgment rule. ” That rule ‘insulates a municipality from liability for its employees’ performance of their duties where the . . . conduct involves the exercise of professional judgment such as electing one among many acceptable methods of carrying out tasks, or making tactical decisions’ … . Relf v City of Troy, 2019 NY Slip Op 01287, Third Dept 2-21-19

 

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SNOWPLOW DRIVER WAS EXEMPT FROM STANDARD NEGLIGENCE AND DID NOT ACT RECKLESSLY IN THIS TRAFFIC ACCIDENT CASE, COURT OF CLAIMS REVERSED (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing the Court of Claims, determined the snowplow driver was not liable in this traffic accident case. The highway-work exemption from standard negligence applied and the driver was not reckless:

There is little dispute that the Court of Claims erred in applying Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1104, which affords certain privileges to “[t]he driver of an authorized emergency vehicle, when involved in an emergency operation” … and has no applicability to a vehicle such as a snowplow put to its intended use . The pertinent statute is instead Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1103 (b), which “exempts from the rules of the road all vehicles . . . which are ‘actually engaged …  in work on a highway,’ and imposes on such vehicles a recklessness standard of care” … . Inasmuch as “the snowplow [here] was clearing the road during a snowstorm” when the accident occurred, both the snowplow and its driver are exempted “from the rules of the road” … . As such, liability will only attach if defendant and its employees behaved in a reckless manner, meaning a “conscious disregard of ‘a known or obvious risk that was so great as to make it highly probable that harm would follow'” … . Howell v State of New York, 2019 NY Slip Op 01281, Third Dept 2-21-19

 

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IN COURT STIPULATION OF SETTLEMENT WAS BINDING DESPITE AGREEMENT TO FINALIZE IT IN WRITING (THIRD DEPT

The Third Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined that the in-court stipulation was binding, notwithstanding the agreement to memorialize it in writing:

The threshold question presented is whether the parties reached a binding settlement. A stipulation of settlement placed on the record by counsel in open court is binding, all the more so when, as here, the parties contemporaneously confirm their acceptance on the record (see CPLR 2104 … ). “To be enforceable, an open court stipulation must contain all of the material terms and evince a clear mutual accord between the parties” … . As a matter of policy, stipulations of settlement are encouraged to promote judicial economy and to “provide litigants with predictability and assurance that courts will honor their prior agreements” … . The nuance here concerns the additional component of a more specific writing to follow the open court settlement, as interjected by the court without objection by counsel. Following the October 19, 2017 appearance, plaintiffs forwarded a draft written settlement to defendant … . While acknowledging that it was prepared to finalize the settlement agreement, defendant raised concerns about the scope of the indemnification language and a provision requiring defendant “to make tax-related representations.” The agreement was not signed and the subject motion ensued.

The parties acknowledge that they agreed to memorialize the record stipulation in a written agreement and, at the same time, agree that the record stipulation is binding. Although defendant has professed an intent to finalize the settlement once certain language issues as to the release and indemnification are resolved, it is significant that defendant does not contend that there are any necessary material terms not included in the oral stipulation… . As recounted above, it bears emphasis that the scope of both the required release and indemnification are in fact outlined in the oral stipulation. In our view, defendant’s language concerns present an implementation issue that the parties expressly accounted for in the record stipulation by having Supreme Court retain jurisdiction. Given the above, we conclude that the record stipulation constitutes a binding settlement, notwithstanding the parties’ dispute over finalizing the written agreement. It follows that the court erred in declining to “so order” the transcript, and, given defendant’s default in payment, by denying plaintiffs’ motion for judgment. Birches At Schoharie, L.P. v Schoharie Senior Gen. Partner LLC, 2019 NY Slip Op 01277, Third Dept 2-21-19

 

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