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THE 3RD DEPARTMENT, JOINING THE 2ND, HOLDS THAT A DEFENDANT HAS A RIGHT TO EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL AT A SORA RISK-LEVEL PROCEEDING, DESPITE ITS CIVIL NATURE; DEFENDANT DID NOT RECEIVE EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE; THE JUDGE DID NOT MAKE THE REQUIRED FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing County Court, in a full-fledged opinion by Justice Garry, determined: (1) defendant was entitled to and did not receive effective assistance of counsel at the SORA risk-level proceeding (which is civil in nature). despite his decision not to appear; and (2) the SORA judge did not make the required findings of fact and conclusions of law, requiring remittal:

Despite SORA proceedings being civil in nature, not criminal … , we now join the Second Department in explicitly holding that SORA defendants have the right to the effective assistance of counsel, pursuant to the Due Process Clauses contained in the 14th Amendment of the US Constitution and article I, § 6 of the NY Constitution, because the statutory right to counsel in such proceedings (see Correction Law § 168-n [3]) would otherwise be rendered meaningless, and because SORA determinations affect a defendant’s liberty interest … .

… Although defendant waived his right to be present at the SORA hearing, he did not waive his right to contest the Board’s risk level recommendation or the People’s arguments and proof … . Counsel — who acknowledged at the hearing that he had “had no contact” with defendant — made no arguments, essentially agreed to the Board’s recommendation, and failed to require the People to admit any proof at the hearing or County Court to provide any reasoning for its determination. … The record … reveals that counsel, who did not communicate with his client at all and “failed to litigate any aspect of the adjudication,” did not provide effective representation … . As defendant was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel, upon remittal he is entitled to a new hearing with different assigned counsel. People v VonRapacki, 2022 NY Slip Op 01071, Third Dept 2-17-22

 

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MOTHER DID NOT WILLFULLY VIOLATE THE ORDER OF VISITATION; COVID MADE MEETING IN A PUBLIC PLACE DIFFICULT, THERE WAS CONFUSION ABOUT WHICH ORDER APPLIED, AND MOTHER RELIED ON HER ATTORNEY’S ADVICE (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing Family Court, determined mother did not willfully violate an order of visitation. There was confusion about which order applied and mother relied on her attorney’s advice:

The mother contends that Family Court abused its discretion when it found that she willfully violated the visitation order. Specifically, she asserts that she did not produce the child because the father unilaterally canceled visits, there was confusion over what order was in effect, and she relied upon the communications between the parties’ attorneys to establish when the visitation would occur. * * *

… Family Court erred in finding that she willfully violated the order. Under these circumstances, where both parties testified as to the difficulties involved in having parenting time take place in a public venue during COVID-19, there was confusion among the parties as to which order was in effect at the time, and the mother relied on her attorney’s advice, which had a sound basis … , it is clear that any violation was not willful. Matter of Damon B. v Amanda C., 2022 NY Slip Op 01082, Third Dept 2-17-22

 

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THE SUPPORT MAGISTRATE DID NOT ENSURE THAT FATHER KNOWINGLY, INTELLIGENTLY AND VOLUNTARILY WAIVED HIS RIGHT TO COUNSEL IN THIS CHILD SUPPORT PROCEEDING; ORDER OF COMMITMENT REVERSED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Family Court’s order of commitment for father’s failure to pay child support, determined the Support Magistrate did not ensure that father’s waiver of counsel was knowing, intelligent and voluntary:

… [A]t the beginning of the hearing, the Support Magistrate asked the father what he “want[ed] to do about legal representation,” to which the father responded, “I’m speaking for myself at this point.” The Support Magistrate did not make any further inquiries regarding counsel. The Support Magistrate also failed to advise the father about the potential pitfalls of proceeding pro se. Thus, the Support Magistrate failed to conduct a sufficiently searching inquiry to ensure that the father’s waiver of his right to counsel was knowing, intelligent, and voluntary … . Under these circumstances, the father was deprived of his right to counsel at the hearing. Contrary to the mother’s contention, this violation was not cured by the fact that the father was later represented by assigned counsel during the confirmation hearing … . Matter of Sylvester v Goffe, 2022 NY Slip Op 01028, Second Dept 2-16-22

 

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IN AN ACTION FOR A LICENSE PURSUANT TO RPAPL 881 TO ALLOW PETITIONER ACCESS TO RESPONDENTS’ ABUTTING BUILDING TO FACILITATE CONSTRUCTION WORK ON PETITIONER’S BUILDING, RESPONDENTS ARE ENTITLED TO LICENSE FEES, ATTORNEY’S FEES, ENGINEERING FEES, ETC., ASSOCIATED WITH PROTECTING THEIR BUILDING AND TO COMPENSATE FOR INTERFERERENCE WITH THE USE OF THEIR BUILDING, IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER THERE IS ANY DAMAGE TO RESPONDENTS’ BUILDING (FIRST DEPT).

The First Department, in a full-fledged opinion by Justice Acosta, affirmed the grant of a license to petitioner, pursuant to RPAPL 881, to enter respondents’ abutting property to protect the abutting property during construction work on petitioner’s building, but vacated or reduced some of the specific costs and/or damages awarded. The First Department noted that attorney’s fees, license fees and engineering fees, etc., associated with the respondents’ efforts to protect their building and the loss of use and enjoyment of their building during construction are properly assessed to the petitioner:

What petitioner seeks is essentially to compel respondents to grant it a license on its own terms. However, as we have recognized, because “[t]he respondent to an 881 petition has not sought out the intrusion and does not derive any benefit from it . . . [e]quity requires that the owner compelled to grant access should not have to bear any costs resulting from the access” … . Thus, the grant of licenses pursuant to RPAPL 881 often warrants the award of contemporaneous license fees … . Contrary to petitioner’s contention that a license fee constitutes a windfall unless there are some actual damages, such as lost business, we have found that a license fee is warranted “where the granted license will entail substantial interference with the use and enjoyment of the neighboring property during the [license] period, thus decreasing the value of the property during that time” … .

Similarly, a compulsory licensor should be entitled to reasonable attorneys’ and engineering fees … . Matter of Panasia Estate, Inc. v 29 W. 19 Condominium, 2022 NY Slip Op 00975, First Dept 2-15-22

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DEFENDANT’S STATEMENT “I WOULD LOVE TO GO PRO SE” WAS NOT A DEFINITIVE REQUEST TO REPRESENT HIMSELF AND THEREFORE THE STATEMENT DID NOT TRIGGER THE NEED FOR A SEARCHING INQUIRY BY THE JUDGE (CT APP).

The Court of Appeals, in a brief memorandum decision over an extensive two-judge dissent, determined defendant’s statement “I would love to go pro se” was not a definitive commitment to self-representation and therefore did not trigger an inquiry by the judge:

… [D]efendant did not clearly and unequivocally request to proceed pro se. During a colloquy with the trial court, defendant referenced the unsuccessful application to relieve his assigned counsel made at his prior appearance, and he renewed that application, claiming that counsel was “ineffective.” The court denied the application and rejected defendant’s renewed attempt to read aloud from what defendant had previously referred to as “my testimony.” Upon review of the record as a whole, defendant’s retort, “I would love to go pro se,” immediately after the court’s denial of his applications “d[id] not reflect a definitive commitment to self-representation” that would trigger a searching inquiry by the trial court … . People v Duarte, 2022 NY Slip Op 00960, Ct App 2-15-22

 

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DEFENDANT WAS ENTITLED TO A HEARING ON HIS MOTION TO VACATE HIS CONVICTION ON INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE GROUNDS; DEFENDANT AVERRED HIS ATTORNEY DIDN’T REQUEST THE SEARCH WARRANT DOCUMENTS, DIDN’T MAKE A SUPPRESSION MOTION, AND DIDN’T INFORM HIM THAT THE LEGALITY OF THE SEARCH WARRANTS COULD BE CONTESTED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined defendant was entitled to a hearing on his motion to vacate his conviction on the ground of ineffective assistance of counsel. Defendant alleged his attorney did not “request and review the search warrant affidavits, move to controvert the search warrants, or advise him before he pleaded guilty that challenging the legality of the search warrants was an option:”

Defense counsel’s “investigation of the law, the facts, and the issues that are relevant to the case” is “[e]ssential to any representation, and to the attorney’s consideration of the best course of action on behalf of the client” … . Accordingly, a defendant’s right to representation entitles him or her “‘to have counsel conduct appropriate investigations, both factual and legal, to determine if matters of defense can be developed, and to allow himself [or herself] time for reflection and preparation for trial'” … . Here, the defendant’s averments in his affidavit, along with other evidence submitted in support of his motion, were sufficient to warrant a hearing on the issue of whether his former counsel was ineffective for failing to conduct an appropriate investigation to determine whether pretrial motions concerning the search warrants should be made, and failing to advise him of potential challenges to the legality of the search warrants before he pleaded guilty to possession counts predicated on physical evidence recovered pursuant to the warrants … . People v Tindley, 2022 NY Slip Op 00886, Second Dept 2-9-22

 

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DEFENSE COUNSEL INEFFECTIVE; IN THIS MURDER CASE IN WHICH THE EXTREME EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE (EED) DEFENSE WAS RAISED, DEFENDANT’S MILITARY SERVICE RECORDS, SOCIAL SECURITY DISABILITY RECORDS AND PTSD DIAGNOSIS SHOULD HAVE BEEN PRESENTED AND A PSYCHIATRIC EXPERT SHOULD HAVE BEEN CONSULTED; NEW TRIAL ORDERED (FOURTH DEPT). ​

The Fourth Department, reversing County Court and ordering a new trial, determined defendant’s motion to vacate his conviction on ineffective assistance grounds should have been granted. Defendant presented an extreme emotional disturbance (EED) defense in this murder case. But the defense consisted only of his and his girlfriend’s testimony. Defense counsel did not request defendant’s Social Security disability records which showed a post-traumatic-stress-disorder (PTSD) diagnosis related to three tours of duty in Iraq and did not consult an expert about defendant’s PTSD:

Defense counsel testified at the CPL article 440 hearing that, in preparing for trial, she requested and received defendant’s military records, which indicated that defendant had been diagnosed with PTSD, but she did not request or review records relating to defendant’s Social Security disability benefits, even though defendant informed her that he received such benefits. She also accompanied defendant to an interview conducted by the People’s expert, who concluded that defendant was not “suffering from active PTSD symptoms during the shooting,” but she did not seek an independent expert opinion. Rather than introducing expert or medical evidence, defense counsel attempted to establish an EED defense through the testimony of defendant and his girlfriend. Although defense counsel did not clearly recall the details of the case, and her file had been destroyed, she thought that she might have opted not to introduce defendant’s military records at trial because she was uncertain how to lay a foundation for their admissibility.

We conclude on this record that defendant met his burden of establishing that he received less than meaningful representation. People v Jackson, 2022 NY Slip Op 00785, Fourth Dept 2-4-22

 

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THE SCHOOL BOARD DID NOT VIOLATE THE OPEN MEETINGS LAW WHEN IT CONSULTED WITH ITS ATTORNEY IN A CLOSED SESSION BEFORE DECIDING NOT TO RENEW PLAINTIFF FOOTBALL COACH’S EMPLOYMENT; THERE IS AN EXCEPTION TO THE OPEN MEETINGS LAW FOR LEGAL ADVICE (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing (modifying) Supreme Court, determined plaintiff high school football coach was not entitled to summary judgment on the cause of action alleging the school board violated the Open Meetings Law by deciding not to renew plaintiff’s employment after a closed meeting. The Open Meetings Law did not apply to the board’s closed-door consultation with its attorney:

It is well settled that “[e]very meeting of a public body shall be open to the general public, except that an executive session of such body may be called and business transacted thereat in accordance with [section 105]” (Public Officers Law § 103 [a] … ). While an executive session may be called to discuss, inter alia, “matters leading to the appointment, employment, promotion, demotion, discipline, suspension, dismissal or removal of a particular person” (§ 105 [1] [f]), the public body may do so only upon a majority vote of its membership and after “identifying the general area or areas of the subject or subjects to be considered” (§ 105 [1]). However, section 108 (3) clarifies that “[n]othing contained in [the Open Meetings Law] shall be construed as extending the provisions hereof to . . . any matter made confidential by federal or state law.” Because “communications made pursuant to an attorney-client relationship are considered confidential under the [CPLR] . . . , communications between a . . . board . . . and its counsel, in which counsel advises the board of the legal issues involved in [a] determination . . . , are exempt from the provisions of the Open Meetings Law” … .

There is no dispute that, during the closed session … , the Board and the District superintendent met with the District’s counsel seeking legal advice “regarding the [p]laintiff’s legal employment status, employment rights, [and] the process for appointing school employees.” We thus agree with defendants that the attorney-client exemption applies and that the court erred in determining that there was a violation of the Open Meetings Law … . Sindoni v Board of Educ. of Skaneateles Cent. Sch. Dist., 2022 NY Slip Op 00772, Fourth Dept 2-4-22

 

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ALTHOUGH CLAIMANT DID NOT SUCCEED IN DEMONSTRATING HER CONDITION HAD WORSENED SUCH THAT SHE WAS ENTITLED TO INCREASED BENEFITS, HER COUNSEL’S FEES SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN RESCINDED BY THE WORKERS’ COMPENSATION BOARD (THIRD DEPT). ​

he Third Department, reversing (modifying) the Workers’ Compensation Board, determined the rescission of the award of claimant’s counsel’s fee on the ground that the claim was unsuccessful was arbitrary and capricious. Claimant was unable to show her condition had worsened entitling her to increased benefits:

The initial application submitted by claimant’s counsel, which sets forth in detail the services rendered and the time spent in connection therewith, reflects that counsel represented claimant for a number of years, engaged in extensive correspondence with, among others, claimant, Petroski [claimant’s treating physician] and the carrier, reviewed various reports, attended hearings and successfully sought and obtained a reopening of this matter. Although counsel ultimately did not succeed in obtaining an increase in claimant’s loss of wage-earning capacity, the Board rescinded the fee award solely upon counsel’s unsuccessful efforts in this regard. Notwithstanding the Board’s broad discretion, this single-factor reasoning strikes us as arbitrary and capricious — particularly in view of the fact that claimant clearly received an economic benefit from counsel’s overall representation of her. Matter of Simmons v Glens Falls Hosp., 2022 NY Slip Op 00712, Third Dept 2-3-22

 

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DEFENDANT DID NOT RECEIVE EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL; COUNSEL SAID A GUILTY PLEA MAY RESULT IN DEPORTATION WHEN DEPORTATION WAS MANDATORY (FIRST DEPT).

The First Department determined defendant did not receive effective assistance of counsel because he was told pleading guilty may result in deportation when deportation was mandatory:

The existing record sufficiently demonstrates that defendant was deprived of effective assistance of counsel (see Padilla v Kentucky, 559 US 356, 369, 374 [2010]) when his attorney failed to advise him that his guilty plea to a drug-related felony would result in mandatory deportation, and merely stated that “this may and probably will affect his immigration status” … . The appeal is held in abeyance to afford defendant the opportunity to move to vacate his plea upon a showing that there is a reasonable probability that he would not have pleaded guilty had he been made aware of the deportation consequences of his plea. People v Acosta, 2022 NY Slip Op 00737, First Dept 2-3-22

 

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