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Bruce Freeman

About Bruce Freeman

This author has not written his bio yet.
But we are proud to say that Bruce Freeman contributed 11730 entries already.

Entries by Bruce Freeman

Family Law

FAMILY COURT SHOULD NOT HAVE HELD A CUSTODY HEARING WITHOUT FATHER’S PARTICIPATION (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing Family Court, determined Family Court should have held a custody hearing without father’s participation: During an appearance at which Family Court specifically stated that it was not “making any findings” and that it would make findings only after a future hearing, the father apparently grew frustrated with the proceedings and walked out […]

January 31, 2020
Appeals, Family Law

THE CHILDREN WISHED TO REMAIN WITH MOTHER BUT CUSTODY WAS AWARDED TO FATHER; THE ATTORNEY FOR THE CHILD AGREED FATHER SHOULD HAVE CUSTODY; MOTHER REQUESTED A LINCOLN HEARING WHICH WAS DENIED; THE DISSENT ARGUED A LINCOLN HEARING SHOULD HAVE BEEN HELD (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department determined custody of the children was properly granted to father, against the children’s wishes.  The attorney for the child (AFC) informed the court of the children’s wishes but supported custody by the father. The mother unsuccessfully argued a Lincoln hearing should have been held. The dissent agreed that a Lincoln hearing was necessary: The mother further […]

January 31, 2020
Criminal Law, Sex Offender Registration Act (SORA)

THERE SHOULD ONLY BE ONE SORA RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEEDING BASED UPON THE SAME RISK ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT (RAI); HERE THERE WERE TWO ASSESSMENTS IN TWO COUNTIES, ONE AT LEVEL TWO AND ONE AT LEVEL THREE; THE LEVEL THREE RISK ASSESSMENT WAS VACATED (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department determined there should not be more than one SORA risk assessment for convictions stemming from the same course of conduct and based upon the same Risk Assessment Instrument (RAI). The first risk assessment was in Allegany County and designated defendant a level two risk. The second risk assessment was in Cattaraugus County […]

January 31, 2020
Criminal Law

DEFENDANT’S SENTENCE DEEMED TOO HARSH BASED UPON DEFENDANT’S CRIMINAL HISTORY, THE PLEA DEAL DEFENDANT WAS OFFERED BEFORE TRIAL, AND THE ABSENCE OF ANY NEW EVIDENCE REVEALED BY THE TRIAL (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department determined defendant’s sentence was unduly harsh based upon his criminal history and the plea deal defendant was offered before trial: … [T]he 10-year determinate sentence is unduly harsh and severe considering that defendant has no violent crimes on his record and was offered the opportunity to plead guilty to the charges in the […]

January 31, 2020
Environmental Law, Land Use, Real Property Law, Zoning

UNRESOLVED QUESTIONS OF FACT CONCERNING WHETHER THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WHOLE FOODS STORE IN THE VICINITY OF A RECREATIONAL TRAIL AND A PUBLIC USE EASEMENT VIOLATES THE PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE (FOURTH DEPT). ​

The Fourth Department, reversing (modifying) Supreme Court, determined petitioner’s violation of the public trust doctrine causes of action should not have been dismissed. The action relates to the construction of a Whole Foods store in the vicinity of a recreational trail and a public use easement: … [T]he court erred by granting a declaration in […]

January 31, 2020
Court of Claims, Labor Law-Construction Law

APPLICATION TO FILE A LATE CLAIM IN THIS LABOR LAW 240 (1) ACTION SHOULD HAVE BEEN GRANTED; CRITERIA FOR ACCEPTING A LATE CLAIM UNDER THE COURT OF CLAIMS ACT DESCRIBED (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing the Court of Claims, determined claimant’s application to file a late claim in this Labor Law 240 (1) action should have been granted. The criteria for allowing a late claim under the Court of Claims Act were described in some detail: Upon our consideration of the six factors outlined in Court […]

January 31, 2020
Civil Procedure, Evidence, Medical Malpractice, Negligence

MEDICAL MALPRACTICE ACTIONS REINSTATED AGAINST SEVERAL DEFENDANTS; TWO JUSTICE DISSENT ARGUED THE ACTIONS WERE REINSTATED BASED UPON A NEW THEORY WHICH SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing Supreme Court, over a two-justice dissent, reinstated the medical malpractice action against several defendants. The dissent argued that evidence submitted in opposition to defendants’ motion for summary judgment presented a new theory and should have been rejected on that ground. The dissent argued that the new theory was raised for the […]

January 31, 2020
Employment Law, Negligence

DEFENDANT’S EMPLOYEE WAS NOT ACTING WITHIN THE SCOPE OF HIS EMPLOYMENT WHEN HE ARM-WRESTLED WITH PLAINTIFF; THEREFORE THE EMPLOYER WAS NOT LIABLE FOR THE ALLEGED INJURY TO PLAINTIFF UNDER A RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR THEORY (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined plaintiff’s action against the owner of a defendant strip club for injuries incurred when plaintiff was arm-wrestling with defendant’s employee should have been dismissed. Defendant’s employee was not acting within the scope of his employment and defendant therefore could not be liable under a respondeat superior theory: … [W]e […]

January 31, 2020
Appeals, Family Law

THE MAJORITY NOTED THAT A DECISION IS NOT AN APPEALABLE PAPER BUT HELD THE DECISION HERE IN THIS DIVORCE CASE MET THE ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS OF AN ORDER AND WAS THEREFORE APPEALABLE; THE DISSENT DISAGREED (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, over a dissent, determined that, although a decision is not an appealable paper, the decision in this divorce action was close enough to an order to support an appeal. The dissent disagreed: As a preliminary matter, although not raised by the parties and although “[n]o appeal lies from a mere decision” (… […]

January 31, 2020
Constitutional Law, Criminal Law

STATUTE CRIMINALIZING THE POSSESSION OF AN UNLICENSED FIREARM DOES NOT VIOLATE THE SECOND AMENDMENT (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, in a full-fledged opinion by Justice Peradotto, determined that the statute prohibiting possession of an unlicensed firearm in the home does not violate the Second Amendment: … [D]efendant contends that New York may not constitutionally impose any criminal sanction whatsoever on the unlicensed possession of a handgun in the home. * * […]

January 31, 2020
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