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Bruce Freeman

About Bruce Freeman

This author has not written his bio yet.
But we are proud to say that Bruce Freeman contributed 11730 entries already.

Entries by Bruce Freeman

Criminal Law

MURDER SECOND DISMISSED AS INCLUSORY CONCURRENT COUNT OF MURDER FIRST (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department noted that the murder second degree conviction should have been dismissed as an inclusory concurrent count of murder first degree: … [T]he defendant’s conviction of murder in the second degree pursuant to Penal Law § 125.25(1) under count 2 of the indictment, as well as the sentence imposed thereon, must be vacated […]

June 23, 2021
Medical Malpractice, Negligence

DEFENDANT RADIOLOGIST WAS ASKED TO EVALUATE A MAMMOGRAM AS A ROUTINE-SCREENING PROCEDURE AND, ACCORDING TO HIS EXPERT, DID SO IN ACCORDANCE WITH ACCEPTED PRACTICES; PLAINTIFF WAS DIAGNOSED WITH BREAST CANCER A YEAR LATER; THE RADIOLOGIST’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT SHOULD HAVE BEEN GRANTED; EXTENSIVE DISSENT (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, over an extensive dissent, determined the radiologist’s motion for summary judgment in this medical malpractice (failure to diagnose) action should have been granted. The radiologist was asked to evaluate a “routine-screening” mammogram and indicated there were no suspicious findings. A year later plaintiff was diagnosed with breast cancer and she died a […]

June 23, 2021
Evidence, Negligence

NO ONE, INCLUDING DEFENDANT DRIVER, SAW THE 17-MONTH-OLD BEFORE HEARING A LOUD “THUMP” AND FINDING THE CHILD LYING BEHIND DEFENDANT’S CAR; DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN GRANTED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined defendant driver did not eliminate all questions of fact about whether she was negligence. Defendant driver heard a loud “thump” and plaintiff’s decedent, a 17-month old child, was found lying on the ground right behind defendant’s car. No one saw the impact: Shortly before the accident, the driver […]

June 23, 2021
Evidence, Negligence

HEIGHT DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN TWO ADJACENT SIDEWALK SLABS WAS A TRIVIAL DEFECT AS A MATTER OF LAW; SLIP AND FALL ACTION DISMISSED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined the alleged one-inch height-differential in adjacent sidewalk slabs was not actionable in this slip and fall case: A property owner may not be held liable for trivial defects, not constituting a trap or nuisance, over which a pedestrian might merely stumble, stub his or her toes, or trip […]

June 23, 2021
Constitutional Law, Foreclosure, Municipal Law, Real Property Tax Law

THE CITY CHARTER PROVISION DID NOT PROVIDE FOR NOTICE OF A PENDING TAX FORECLOSURE SALE TO MORTGAGEES AND THEREBY VIOLATED THE MORTGAGEE’S DUE PROCESS RIGHTS IN THIS PROCEEDING; THE MORTGAGEE’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AGAINST THE CITY WAS PROPERLY GRANTED (SECOND DEPT). ​

The Second Department determined the city charter provision did not provide for notice of pending tax lien sales to parties other than the owner which violated the due process rights of mortgagees: “The constitutional guarantee of due process requires that a party who has a substantial property interest which may be affected by a tax […]

June 23, 2021
Evidence, Foreclosure

PLAINTIFF BANK’S REPRESENTATIVE RELIED ON UNIDENTIFIED DOCUMENTS WHICH WERE NOT ATTACHED TO HER AFFIDAVIT TO DEMONSTRATE DEFENDANT’S DEFAULT IN THIS FORECLOSURE ACTION; BANK’S SUMMARY JUDGMENT MOTION SHOULD HAVE BEEN DENIED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined the plaintiff’s representative relied on business records which were not identified or attached to demonstrate defendant’s (Huertas’s) default in this foreclosure action. Therefore the plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment should not have been granted: … [T]he plaintiff relied upon the affidavit of Crystal Dunbar, a foreclosure specialist of […]

June 23, 2021
Constitutional Law, Contract Law, Family Law

THE HARASSMENT-RELATED SPEECH PROHIBITIONS IN THE ORDER OF PROTECTION DID NOT VIOLATE THE FIRST AMENDMENT BUT THE PROVISION PROHIBITING RESPONDENT FROM DISCSUSSING THE PETITIONER OR THE FAMILY OFFENSE PROCEEDING WAS STRUCK FROM THE ORDER OF PROTECTION AS UNNECESSARY (FIRST DEPT).

The First Department affirmed the finding respondent committed the family offense of harassment by sending email about petitioner’s personal matters to 53 people. Although the harassment prohibitions in the order of protection did not violate the Firs Amendment, the provision in the order of protection which prohibited respondent from discussing the petitioner or the proceedings […]

June 22, 2021
Appeals, Criminal Law, Evidence

THE LANDLORD AND GENERAL CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR THE INSTALLATION OF AN UNAUTHORIZED SYSTEM TO DELIVER GAS TO APPARTMENTS WERE PROPERLY CONVICTED OF MANSLAUGHTER AFTER A GAS EXPLOSION (FIRST DEPT).

The First Department, in a full-fledged opinion by Justice Acosta, affirmed the manslaughter convictions of the landlord (Hrynenko) and general contractor (Kukic) stemming from a gas explosion which killed two and injured 13. The defendants were responsible for installing an unauthorized system for delivering gas to apartments in the building. The evidence was deemed legally […]

June 22, 2021
Election Law, Fraud

THE DESIGNATING PETITIONS INCLUDED THE NAMES OF CANDIDATES WHO DID NOT AGREE TO BE LISTED; THE PETITIONS WERE THEREFORE PROPERLY INVALIDATED ON THE GROUND OF FRAUD (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department determined Supreme Court properly invalidated appellants’ designating petitions because they included the names of candidates who did not consent to be listed on the petitions: … [A] designating petition will be invalidated upon a showing that the entire petition is permeated with fraud … . Here, the petitioners demonstrated by clear and […]

June 17, 2021
Criminal Law

SENTENCE MUST BE PRONOUNCED ON EACH COUNT OF THE CONVICTION; SENTENCE VACATED AND REMITTED FOR RESENTENCING (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, vacating defendant’s sentence and remitting for resentencing, noted that sentence must be pronounced for each count of the conviction: … County Court erred in failing to “pronounce sentence on each count” of the conviction (CPL 380.20). Although the certificate of conviction states that defendant was sentenced on each count to concurrent terms […]

June 17, 2021
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