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Entries by Bruce Freeman

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EVEN THOUGH PLAINTIFF BICYCLIST ADMITTED ROLLING THROUGH A BIKE-PATH STOP SIGN BEFORE ENTERING THE INTERSECTION, THERE REMAINED QUESTIONS OF FACT ABOUT WHETHER DEFENDANT DRIVER FAILED TO SEE WHAT WAS TO BE SEEN (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined defendant-driver’s motion for summary judgment in this intersection bicycle-car collision case should not have been granted. Although plaintiff-bicyclist acknowledged he did not completely stop at the bike-path stop sign before entering the intersection, there were questions of fact whether defendant driver (Butler) failed to see what was to […]

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COMPLAINT ALLEGING THE NEW YORK CITY PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM DISCRIMINATES AGAINST STUDENTS OF COLOR AND SEEKING INJUNCTIVE RELIEF SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN DISMISSED (FIRST DEPT).

The First Department, in a full-fledged opinion by Justice Moulton, reversing Supreme Court, determined the complaint alleging the New York City public school system discriminates against Black and Latinx students and seeking injunctive relief was justiciable and stated valid causes of action. Therefore the complaint, which had been dismissed, is now reinstated. The opinion is […]

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DEFENDANT’S ALLEGATION PLAINTIFF CAME TO A SUDDEN STOP IN THIS REAR-END COLLISION CASE DID NOT RAISE A QUESTION OF FACT ABOUT DEFENDANT’S LIABILITY; HOWEVER A QUESTION OF FACT REMAINED CONCERNING DEFENDANT’S COMPARATIVE-NEGLIGENCE AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined plaintiff in this rear-end collision case should have been awarded summary judgment on liability, but defendant’s comparative negligence affirmative defense properly survived dismissal. Defendant alleged that plaintiff made a sudden stop, which was not enough to raise a question of fact on defendant’s liability: … [P]laintiff established her […]

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DEFENDANT NYC DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION DID NOT OWE A DUTY TO A SCHOOL ADMINISTRATOR WHO WAS ATTACKED BY A STUDENT IN A SCHOOL HALLWAY; THERE WAS NO “SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP” BETWEEN DEFENDANTS AND PLAINTIFF (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined the absence of a special relationship between plaintiff high school administrator and defendant NYC Department of Education precluded recovery for an attack on the administrator by a student in the school’s hallway: “Absent the existence of a special relationship between the defendants and the . . . plaintiff, […]

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THE NEARLY $10 MILLION VERDICT IN THIS MEDICAL MALPRACTICE ACTION WAS SUPPORTED BY SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE OF PROXIMATE CAUSE; IT WAS ALLEGED DEFENDANT DOCTOR SHOULD HAVE SENT PLAINTIFF’S DECEDENT TO THE EMERGENCY ROOM AND THE FAILURE TO DO SO PLAYED A ROLE IN PLAINTIFF’S DECEDENT’S SUICIDE THE NEXT DAY (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined the nearly $10 million verdict should not have been set aside on the ground the evidence of proximate cause was insufficient. Plaintiff alleged defendant doctor (Strange) should have sent plaintiff’s decedent to the emergency room the day before plaintiff’s decedent committed suicide. The matter was remitted for consideration […]

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AFTER PLAINTIFF’S POST-NOTE DEPOSITION SUBPOENA FOR THE NONPARTY WITNESS WAS QUASHED, PLAINTIFF OBTAINED A VOLUNTARY STATEMENT FROM THE NONPARTY WITNESS; OBTAINING THE STATEMENT WAS A PROPER METHOD OF “INFORMAL DISCOVERY” (FIRST DEPT).

The First Department, reversing (modifying) Supreme Court, determined plaintiff properly conducted “informal discovery” by obtaining a voluntary statement from a nonparty witness after plaintiff’s post-note deposition subpoena for the witness was quashed: Supreme Court granted defendant’s motion to quash the untimely, post-note deposition subpoena plaintiff served on nonparty witness Harris-Aikens, and to preclude plaintiff from […]

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THERE WAS NO RECORD DEFENSE COUNSEL WAS INFORMED OF THE JURY NOTE AND NO RECORD THE JUDGE RESPONDED TO THE NOTE, A MODE OF PROCEEDINGS ERROR; ALTHOUGH THE NOTE REFERRED ONLY TO ONE COUNT, THE THREE COUNTS WERE FACTUALLY CONNECTED REQUIRING A NEW TRIAL (FIRST DEPT). ​

The First Department, reversing defendant’s conviction and ordering a new trial, determined the absence of a record indicating defense counsel was notified of a note from the jury, or even that the judge responded to the note, was a mode of proceedings error. The People’s argument that the note addressed only one count of the […]

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HERE THE COURT OF APPEALS CLARIFIED ITS DEFINITION OF “TESTIMONIAL” EVIDENCE; A FORM DOCUMENT USED TO COLLECT PEDIGREE INFORMATION FROM EVERY NYC ARRESTEE IS NOT “AN OUT-OF-COURT SUBSTITUTE FOR TRIAL TESTIMONY,” I.E., THE FORM DOCUMENT IS NOT “TESTIMONIAL” AND CAN BE INTRODUCED AT TRIAL AS A BUSINESS RECORD WITHOUT THE TESTIMONY OF THE CREATOR OF THE DOCUMENT; HERE THE DOCUMENT INDICATED DEFENDANT LIVED IN THE BASEMENT AND WAS USED AT TRIAL TO PROVE HE CONSTRUCTIVELY POSSESSED A WEAPON FOUND IN THE BASEMENT (CT APP). ​

The Court of Appeals, in a full-fledged opinion by Judge Halligan, over an extensive dissenting opinion, determined a document created by the Criminal Justice Agency (CJA), which provides pretrial services in NYC, was not “testimonial” in nature and therefore could be introduced in evidence as a business record without affording the defendant the opportunity to […]

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PLAINTIFF BROUGHT AN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION AND RETALIATION ACTION IN FEDERAL COURT; DEFENDANTS WERE AWARDED SUMMARY JUDGMENT IN THE FEDERAL ACTION; BECAUSE THE FEDERAL COURT DID NOT EXERCISE SUPPLEMENTAL JURISDICTION OVER PLAINTIFF’S NYS AND NYC HUMAN RIGHTS LAW CAUSES OF ACTION, PLAINTIFF PURSUED THEM IN STATE COURT; HOWEVER ALL THE STATE ISSUES HAD BEEN ADDRESSED IN THE FEDERAL ACTION; COLLATERAL ESTOPPEL PRECLUDED THE STATE ACTION (CT APP).

The Court of Appeals, in a full-fledged opinion by Judge Garcia, over an extensive dissenting opinion, determined that the employment discrimination and retaliation claims brought by plaintiff adjunct professor against New York University under the NYS and NYC Human Rights Law were precluded by the doctrine of collateral estoppel. Plaintiff had brought a federal action […]

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A GAP IN THE CHAIN OF CUSTODY OF THE DRUGS SEIZED FROM DEFENDANT AND A DISCREPANCY IN THE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE BAG CONTAINING THE DRUGS DID NOT RENDER THE DRUGS INADMISSIBLE (CT APP).

The Court of Appeals, in a full-fledged opinion by Judge Cannataro, over a two-judge dissent, determined a gap in the chain of custody and a discrepancy in the descriptions of the evidence did not render the evidence (white powder in plastic bags) inadmissible. Officer Lin, who seized the evidence, noted a rip in the larger […]

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