You are here: / / HERE THE WRITTEN LOGGING CONTRACT WAS COMPLETE AND UNAMBIGUOUS; EVIDENCE...
,

HERE THE WRITTEN LOGGING CONTRACT WAS COMPLETE AND UNAMBIGUOUS; EVIDENCE OF AN ALLEGED ADDITIONAL ORAL AGREEMENT WAS PRECLUDED BY THE PAROL EVIDENCE RULE (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing (modifying) Supreme Court, determined the contract at issue was complete and any evidence of an alleged oral agreement was precluded by the parol evidence rule:

 “The parol evidence rule generally operates to preclude evidence of a prior or contemporaneous communication during negotiations of an agreement that contradicts, varies, or explains a written agreement which is clear and unambiguous in its terms and expresses the parties’ entire agreement and intentions” … . …

Defendants met their initial burden of establishing that the timber sale contract is a complete written instrument, and plaintiffs failed to raise a triable issue of fact in opposition … . The contract sets forth the parties, the address of the property, the contract period, the payment terms, and a description of the items sold … . There is no reference to any other document or map … . Inasmuch as the contract constituted a complete, integrated agreement, plaintiffs may not rely on an alleged oral agreement to permit logging on the southernmost section of the property, permit logging on the middle section of the property only upon additional payment, and prohibit logging on the northernmost section of the property, to vary the terms of the contract. Indeed, one would expect the contract to embody any such restrictions on logging, and “[s]uch a collateral agreement cannot be separately enforced” … . Lentner v Upstate Forestry & Dev., LLC, 2023 NY Slip Op 06626, Fourth Dept 12-22-23

Practice Point: Where a written contract is complete and unambiguous on its face, evidence of an additional oral agreement is precluded by the parol evidence rule.

 

You might also like
THE JUDGE FAILED TO ADEQUATELY CONSIDER FATHER’S ARGUMENTS OPPOSING THE CHILD’S RELOCATION WITH MOTHER AND FAILED TO MAKE FINDINGS OF FACT IN SUPPORT OF THE AWARD OF SOLE CUSTODY TO MOTHER, MATTER REMITTED (FOURTH DEPT).
THE CROSS-EXAMINATION OF A DETECTIVE ABOUT STATEMENTS ATTRIBUTED TO THE VICTIM IN THIS SEXUAL-OFFENSE PROSECUTION SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN CURTAILED BY THE JUDGE; THE ERROR WAS NOT HARMLESS WITH RESPECT TO SEVERAL COUNTS, BUT WAS DEEMED HARMLESS WITH RESPECT TO OTHER COUNTS (FOURTH DEPT).
THE MAJORITY CONCLUDED JUROR 15 WAS ONE OF TWO JURORS WHO GAVE A NON-VERBAL ASSURANCE HE WOULD NOT HOLD IT AGAINST THE DEFENDANT IF HE DID NOT TESTIFY; THE DISSENT ARGUED THE RECORD DOES NOT IDENTIFY JUROR 15 AS ONE OF THE TWO JURORS AND DID NOT DESCRIBE THE NATURE OF THE NON-VERBAL ASSURANCE (FOURTH DEPT).
Non-Supervising Property Owner Not Liable Under Common Law or Labor Law 200 for Injury Stemming from the Manner In Which the Work Is Done
THE EXECUTOR PROPERLY WAIVED THE ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE ON DECEDENT’S BEHALF TO DEMONSTRATE THROUGH DECEDENT’S ATTORNEY’S TESTIMONY THAT SHARES OF STOCK HAD BEEN TRANSFERRED TO THE EXECUTOR WELL BEFORE DECEDENT’S DEATH (FOURTH DEPT).
THE TWO-JUSTICE DISSENT ARGUED THAT THE MAJORITY ERRONEOUSLY AFFIRMED THE DENIAL OF THE MOTION TO VACATE THE CONVICTION ON A GROUND NOT RELIED UPON BY THE MOTION COURT (FOURTH DEPT). ​
Timeliness Requirements for Motion for Summary Judgment Explained
CONSIDERING ALL THE MITIGATING FACTORS, DEFENDANT SHOULD HAVE BEEN ADJUDICATED A YOUTHFUL OFFENDER (FOURTH DEPT).

Categories

Sign Up for the Mailing List to Be Notified When the Site Is Updated.

  • This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

Copyright © 2026 New York Appellate Digest, Inc.
Site by CurlyHost | Privacy Policy

DEFENDANT, WHO WAS 19 WHEN ARRSTED FOR HAVING CHILD PORNOGRAPHY ON HIS PHONE,... ​ ALTHOUGH NOT REQUIRED UNDER THE GENERAL MUNICIPAL LAW, FILING A NOTICE...