IN THIS TRAFFIC ACCIDENT CASE, EVIDENCE DEFENDANT FAILED TO SEE THE CAR HE COLLIDED WITH AND FAILED TO TIMELY BRAKE IS NOT LEGALLY SUFFICIENT FOR A CRIMINALLLY NEGLIGENT HOMICIDE CONVICTION; THE LEGAL INSUFFICIENCY ARGUMENT WAS PRESERVED BY A MOTION TO DISMISS BROUGHT AT THE CLOSE OF THE PEOPLE’S CASE AND RULED ON AFTER THE DEFENDANT’S CASE; THE “LEGALLY INSUFFICIENT” VERSUS “AGAINST THE WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE” STANDARDS EXPLAINED (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing defendant’s criminally negligent homicide conviction in this traffic accident case, determined the evidence was legally insufficient. The Third Department noted the issue was preserved by a written motion to dismiss submitted at the close of the People’s case and ruled upon after the close of defendant’s case. The Third Department also compared the criteria for a motion to dismiss for legal insufficiency and a determination a conviction is against the weight of the evidence. The trial evidence demonstrated only that defendant was inattentive when he rounded a turn and struck the back of the victim’s car as it was waiting to make a turn while travelling about 45 mph. That was not enough to demonstrate criminal negligence:

Defendant preserved the claim of legal insufficiency when County Court reserved upon a written motion to dismiss presented at the close of the People’s case and ultimately denied the motion at the close of defendant’s case … .

A review of legal sufficiency requires this Court to “view the facts in the light most favorable to the People and examine whether there is a valid line of reasoning and permissible inferences from which a rational jury could have found the elements of the crime proved beyond a reasonable doubt” … . Whereas, a review of whether a verdict is against the weight of the evidence requires the court to “view the evidence in a neutral light and determine first whether a different verdict would have been unreasonable and, if not, weigh the relative probative force of conflicting testimony and the relative strength of conflicting inferences that may be drawn from the testimony to determine if the verdict is supported by the weight of the evidence” … . * * *

“The unexplained failure of a driver to see the vehicle with which he subsequently collided does not, without more, support a conviction for the felony of criminally negligent homicide” … . Here, the People argue that a failure to brake — for what is alleged to be a period of 10 to 18 seconds — constitutes criminal negligence. But even taking the facts in the light most favorable to the People, a failure to brake, without more, does not constitute criminal negligence … . People v Munise, 2023 NY Slip Op 06562, Third Dept 12-21-23

Practice Point: Here the victim died after a rear-end collision. Proof that defendant failed to see the victim’s car and failed to timely brake does not support a criminally negligence homicide conviction.

Practice Point: Making a motion to dismiss at the close of the People’s case which is ruled on after the defendant’s case preserves the legal insufficiency argument for appeal.

Practice Point: The decision includes a comparison of the “legal insufficiency” and “against the weight of the evidence” analytical criteria.