Allegations of Fraud in the Inducement Did Not Invalidate the Arbitration Clause in the Agreement
The Second Department, over a dissent, determined that plaintiff’s motion to stay arbitration was properly denied. Plaintiff alleged that an agreement to sell her business and related real property was induced by fraud and, therefore, the arbitration clause in the agreement was invalid and unenforceable. The court noted that the agreement was properly signed by plaintiff’s attorney as her attorney-in-fact and plaintiff attended the closing where she signed the relevant documents. She was deemed, therefore, to have read and understood the documents. The court explained its limited role in determining whether a matter is arbitrable, and further explained that, absent fraud which permeated the entire agreement, the arbitration clause will still be enforced in the face of allegations of fraud in the inducement:
Arbitration is a favored method of dispute resolution in New York … . “[T]he announced policy of this State favors and encourages arbitration as a means of conserving the time and resources of the courts and the contracting parties” … . “New York courts interfere as little as possible with the freedom of consenting parties’ to submit disputes to arbitration” … . Parties to arbitration agreements should be prevented from using the courts as a vehicle to protract litigation … . The threshold issue of whether there is a valid agreement to arbitrate is for the courts … . Once it is determined that the parties have agreed to arbitrate the subject matter in dispute, the court’s role has ended and it may not address the merits of the particular claims … . * * *
… [T]he Court of Appeals ruled that an arbitration clause is generally separable from substantive provisions of a contract, so that an agreement to arbitrate is valid even if the substantive provisions of the contract are induced by fraud … . However, if a party can demonstrate that “the alleged fraud was part of a grand scheme that permeated the entire contract, including the arbitration provision, the arbitration provision should fall with the rest of the contract” … . “To demonstrate that fraud permeated the entire contract, it must be established that the agreement was not the result of an arm’s length negotiation or the arbitration clause was inserted into the contract to accomplish a fraudulent scheme” … . Here, the plaintiff failed to make such a showing. Ferrarella v Godt, 2015 NY Slip Op 06571, 2nd Dept 8-19-15