State Court Did Not Have Subject Matter Jurisdiction Over “Dangerous Sex Offender” Civil Management Proceeding Because Defendant Would Not Be Released Upon Finishing State Sentence—Defendant Had 19 Years to Go on Federal Sentence

As a sex offender (respondent) neared the end of his state sentence, the state (petitioner) sought a proceeding under article 10 of the Mental Hygiene Law alleging the respondent was a dangerous sex offender requiring civil management.  However, the respondent was also serving a federal sentence and would not be released for another 19 years.  For that reason, the Fourth Department determined the court did not have subject matter jurisdiction over the Mental Hygiene Law proceeding:

It is well settled that a court is without subject matter jurisdiction “when it lacks the competence to adjudicate a particular kind of controversy in the first place. As the Court of Appeals has observed, ‘[t]he question of subject matter jurisdiction is a question of judicial power: whether the court has the power, conferred by the Constitution or statute, to entertain the case before it’ ”….Moreover, subject matter jurisdiction requires that the matter before the court is ripe …. In other words, courts “may not issue judicial decisions that can have no immediate effect and may never resolve anything,” and thus “an action may not be maintained if the issue presented for adjudication involves a future event beyond control of the parties which may never occur” ….It is axiomatic that an article 10 determination issued in 2013 would have no immediate effect on a sex offender who is not to be released from federal prison until 19 to 22 years later, especially considering the well-accepted principle that a sex offender, who is at one point determined to be dangerous, may subsequently be found to no longer be dangerous—a principle recognized by article 10’s allowance for annual reviews …. Matter of State v Calhoun, CA 11-02578, 314, 4th Dept, 5-3-13