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DEFENDANT’S FEIGNED ISSUE OF FACT DID NOT RAISE A QUESTION OF FACT IN THE PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC ACCIDENT CASE (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined defendant had raised a feigned issue which did not raise a question of fact in this pedestrian traffic accident case:

The plaintiff established her prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law on the issue of liability through her own affidavit, which demonstrated that she was walking within a crosswalk, with the pedestrian signal in her favor, when the defendants’ vehicle failed to yield the right-of-way and struck her … .

In opposition, the defendants failed to raise a triable issue of fact. Edelstein’s affidavit contradicted his admission immediately following the accident, as reflected in a police accident report. This affidavit was a belated attempt to avoid the consequences of his earlier admission by raising a feigned issue and was insufficient to raise a triable issue of fact … . Gooden v EAN Holdings, LLC, 2020 NY Slip Op 08043, Second Dept 12-30-20

 

QUESTION OF FACT WHETHER DEFENDANT DRIVER ATTEMPTED TO MAKE A LEFT TURN WHEN PLAINTIFF’S DECEDENT WAS TOO CLOSE IN THE ON-COMING LANE (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing (modifying) Supreme Court, determined there was a question of fact whether defendant driver executed a left turn when plaintiff’s decedent, who apparently was being chased by police, was too close:

“Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1141 provides that the ‘driver of a vehicle intending to turn to the left within an intersection . . . shall yield the right of way to any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction which is within the intersection or so close as to constitute an immediate hazard'” … . The operator of an oncoming vehicle with the right-of-way is entitled to assume that the opposing operator will yield in compliance with the Vehicle and Traffic Law … . A driver is negligent where he or she failed to see that which, through proper use of his or her senses, the driver should have seen … . “At the same time, a driver traveling with the right-of-way may nevertheless be found to have contributed to the happening of the accident if he or she did not use reasonable care to avoid the accident” … .

Here, the evidence submitted by [defendants] in support of their motion … failed to eliminate triable issues of fact as to whether [defendant driver] was free from fault in the happening of the accident and, if not, whether [plaintiff’s decedent’s] negligence was the sole proximate cause of the accident … . Specifically, a triable issue of fact exists, inter alia, as to whether, at the time [defendant driver] initiated her turn, [plaintiff’s decedent’s] vehicle was “‘so close as to constitute an immediate hazard'” … . Gaudio v City of New York, 2020 NY Slip Op 08041, Second Dept 12-30-20

 

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A CONTRACTOR ALLEGED TO HAVE WORKED ON THE AREA OF THE ROADWAY WHERE PLAINTIFF SLIPPED AND FELL AND THE MUNICIPALITY DID NOT ELIMINATE QUESTIONS OF FACT ABOUT THEIR LIABILITY; DEFENDANTS’ MOTIONS FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN GRANTED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined the municipality’s (Port Washington North’s) motion for summary judgment should not have been granted in this slip and fall case. The code provision requiring written notice of the dangerous condition applied to the village, not to Port Washington North, and Port Washington North did not demonstrate it did not create the condition. In addition, defendant contractor did not demonstrate it did not do any work on the roadway in the area of the slip and fall:

A contractor [J. Anthony] may be liable for an affirmative act of negligence which results in the creation of a dangerous condition upon a public street or sidewalk … . Thus, in moving for summary judgment, J. Anthony had the burden of establishing, prima facie, that it did not perform any work on the portion of the roadway where the accident occurred or that it did not create the allegedly defective condition that caused the plaintiff’s injuries … . However, J. Anthony failed to satisfy its burden … .The failure to do so requires the denial of that branch of J. Anthony’s motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against it, regardless of the sufficiency of the opposing papers … .

Port Washington North moved for summary judgment on the ground, inter alia, that it had not received prior written notice of the alleged defect which caused the plaintiff’s injuries. … Since the prior written notice provision specifically limits the notice requirement to “street[s]” located “within the Village” (Village Code §§ 143-23, 143-22), this provision is not applicable to the facts here, as the location of the accident was not within Port Washington North. Moreover, Port Washington North failed to meet its prima facie burden of eliminating all triable issues of fact regarding its role in creating the allegedly defective condition … . Downing v J. Anthony Enters., Inc., 2020 NY Slip Op 08038, Second Dept 12-30-20

 

DEFENDANT PROPERTY OWNER DEMONSTRATED THERE HAD BEEN NO CRIMINAL ACTIVITY ON THE PROPERTY IN THE PAST AND PLAINTIFF FAILED TO RAISE A QUESTION OF FACT WHETHER THE FAILURE TO SECURE THE ALLEYWAY WAS A PROXIMATE CAUSE OF THE THIRD-PARTY ASSAULT; DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT SHOULD HAVE BEEN GRANTED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined defendant property owner’s motion for summary judgment in this third-party assault case should have been granted. The defendant demonstrated there had been no prior criminal activity on the property and did not raise a question of fact whether the failure to secure the alleyway was a proximate cause of the attack:

… [T]he infant plaintiff testified that while he was in the building’s vestibule, he was accosted by an unknown assailant and assaulted in the alleyway on the side of the building. The infant plaintiff, by his father and natural guardian, and his father suing derivatively, commenced this action against the defendant, alleging that the defendant failed to secure the alleyway.

To recover damages from an owner of real property for injuries caused by criminal acts on the premises, a plaintiff must produce evidence indicating that the owner knew or should have known of the probability of conduct on the part of third persons which was likely to endanger the safety of those lawfully on the premises … . Here, the defendant established, prima facie, its entitlement to summary judgment by showing that it had no notice of prior criminal activity so as to make the instant occurrence foreseeable. The plaintiffs submitted no evidence in response, and thus failed to raise a triable issue of fact … . Moreover, in opposition to the defendant’s prima facie showing with respect to causation, the plaintiffs failed to raise a triable issue of fact as to whether the defendant’s alleged failure to secure the alleyway was a proximate cause of the occurrence … . Calle v Elmhurst Woodside, LLC, 2020 NY Slip Op 08033, Second Dept 12-30-20

 

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THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE ESTATE COULD SUE FOR DECEDENT’S CONSCIOUS PAIN AND SUFFERING BUT, BECAUSE THE WRONGFUL DEATH ACTION HAD NOT BEEN LISTED AS AN ASSET IN THE BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDING, THE ADMINISTRATOR DID NOT HAVE THE CAPACITY TO SUE ON BEHALF OF THE DISTRIUBUTEE FOR WRONGFUL DEATH (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing (modifying) Supreme Court in this wrongful death action, determined that the plaintiff, who was the administrator of the estate and the sole distributee, could bring an action for conscious pain and suffering because that claim was personal to the decedent and part of the estate. But, because the wrongful death action, which vested in the plaintiff/distributee upon death, was not listed as an asset in the plaintiff’s bankruptcy proceedings, to which the decedent was not a party, the plaintiff did not have the capacity to bring that claim:

… [T]he plaintiff, as the administrator of the decedent’s estate, had the capacity to prosecute the cause of action to recover damages for conscious pain and suffering. A cause of action brought on behalf of a deceased to recover damages for conscious pain and suffering is “personal to the deceased and belongs to the estate, not the distributees” … . The decedent was not a party to the bankruptcy proceeding. Accordingly, the bankruptcy did not affect the plaintiff’s capacity to prosecute the cause of action to recover damages for conscious pain and suffering on behalf of the decedent’s estate … .

The Supreme Court, however, should have granted those branches of the defendants’ separate motions which were to dismiss the cause of action to recover damages for wrongful death insofar as asserted against each of them. “A cause of action to recover damages for wrongful death is a property right belonging solely to the distributees of the decedent and vests in them at the decedent’s death” (… EPTL 5-4.4 [a]). It is undisputed that the cause of action to recover damages for wrongful death vested in the plaintiff as the sole distributee of the estate prior to the filing of the bankruptcy petition. Accordingly, as the plaintiff failed to schedule the wrongful death claim in the bankruptcy proceeding, it is subject to dismissal in this action on the ground that the plaintiff lacks the capacity to pursue the claim … . Vinogradov v Bay Plaza Apts Co., LLC, 2020 NY Slip Op 08104, Second Dept 12-30-20

 

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NEGLIGENT HIRING, SUPERVISION, RETENTION AND TRAINING CAUSES OF ACTION PROPERLY SURVIVED SUMMARY JUDGMENT; THE VICARIOUS LIABILITY CAUSE OF ACTION, HOWEVER, SHOULD HAVE BEEN DISMISSED; IT WAS ALLEGED EMPLOYEES OF A RESIDENTIAL FACILITY BURNED A NONVERBAL, AUTISTIC RESIDENT (FIRST DEPT).

The First Department, in a full-fledged opinion by Justice Moulton, determined the vicarious liability cause of action against L & W, the employer of defendants Chavies and Edwards,  should have been dismissed, but the negligent hiring, retention, supervision and training causes of action, as well as claims for punitive damages, properly survived summary judgment. The complaint alleged plaintiff, Sandoval, a nonverbal autistic adult who lived in a residential facility operated by defendant L & W, was deliberate burned by a heated utensil (potato masher) used by either Chavies or Edwards to control plaintiff. The vicarious liability cause of action dismissed because the alleged burning of plaintiff was outside the scope of Chavies’ and Edwards’ employment:

… L&W conditions all employment offers on at least one satisfactory professional reference.

Despite this policy, L&W did not check the professional references submitted by Chavies or Edwards. Most notably, Chavies indicated on his job application that he had been “let go” from his most recent job working with intellectually disabled children. It is for the jury to determine whether L&W’s lapse in obtaining satisfactory references for both employees constitutes negligent hiring under the circumstances … .

L&W’s claim that the incident was not foreseeable is belied by its own training materials. The SCIP training materials reflect that residential staff face difficult emotional challenges in their positions, and that as a result, the potential for abuse is reasonably foreseeable. The training materials note the “Common Emotional Reactions” that staff may have including “Anger.” The training materials reference the “incidents of abuse” and seek to decrease those incidents “through increasing awareness of the definition and the causative factors of abuse.” The materials also reference the potential that staff might “lose control and strike or verbally abuse a person.” … [A]s the movant, it is L&W’s burden to establish the lack of proximate cause … . … L&W’s causation arguments are undercut by its own hiring policy, which makes an offer of employment contingent on at least one satisfactory professional reference and by the … training materials, which highlight the critical importance of “ongoing staff training” in decreasing abuse. Sandoval v Leake & Watts Servs., Inc., 2020 NY Slip Op 08017, First Dept 12-29-20

 

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CLAIMANT’S APPLICATION TO SERVE A LATE NOTICE OF CLAIM IN THIS SLIP AND FALL CASE SHOULD HAVE BEEN GRANTED, DESPITE THE ABSENCE OF A VALID EXCUSE FOR THE DELAY (THIRD DEPT).

The Third Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined petitioner’s application to serve a late notice of claim with respect to one of the two defendants (Albany Port District Commission) should have been granted. Although the excuse for failure to file was inadequate (ignorance of the requirement), the defendant had timely notice of the claim by virtue of surveillance cameras and an incident report, and defendant was not prejudiced by the delay:

… [M]embers of the Port Security Department came to the scene of the accident soon after petitioner’s fall to check on his condition and were able to observe the area where petitioner fell. Petitioner also averred that the Port Security Department was located approximately one hundred feet from where he fell and that there are surveillance cameras on the Port Security Department office building that are pointed at the area where petitioner fell. Petitioner also proffered an incident report form completed by one of the members of the Port Security Department who came to the scene the day of the accident. This form reflects the location of petitioner’s fall and that petitioner fell on ice, injured his back and was transported to the hospital by an ambulance. Thus, the Port had “more than merely generalized awareness of an accident and injuries” sufficient to establish actual notice … . …

… [T]he … standard requires a petitioner to initially “present some evidence or plausible argument that supports a finding of no substantial prejudice” … . Here, petitioner met this burden by showing … that the Port had actual notice of the incident sufficient to allow it to investigate the accident shortly after it occurred … . Additionally, petitioner submitted photographs and a video that suggest that the condition has not substantially changed from its appearance at the time of the accident. Matter of Perkins v Albany Port Dist. Commn., 2020 NY Slip Op 07963, Third Dept 12-24-20

 

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THE VILLAGE DEMONSTRATED IT DID NOT HAVE WRITTEN NOTICE OF THE ROAD DEFECT WHICH ALLEGEDLY CAUSED PLAINTIFF’S BICYCLE ACCIDENT, BUT IT FAILED TO DEMONSTRATE IT DID NOT CREATE THE DEFECT; THEREFORE THE VILLAGE’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN GRANTED (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined the village’s motion for summary judgment in this bicycle-related injury case should not have been granted. Plaintiff alleged a road defect caused his accident. The village demonstrated it did not have written notice of the defect but failed to demonstrate it did not create the defect:

“[T]he prima facie showing which a defendant must make on a motion for summary judgment is governed by the allegations of liability made by the plaintiff in the pleadings” … . Here, the plaintiffs alleged in their complaint that the Village affirmatively created the defect that caused the accident. Therefore, in order to establish its prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law, the Village had to demonstrate, prima facie, both that it did not have prior written notice of the defect, and that it did not create the defect … . The Village established, prima facie, that it did not have prior written notice of the alleged defect, but it failed to establish, prima facie, that it did not affirmatively create the alleged defect … . Therefore, the burden never shifted to the plaintiffs to submit evidence sufficient to raise a triable issue of fact … . Holleran v Incorporated Vil. of Floral Park, 2020 NY Slip Op 07871, Second Dept 12-23-20

 

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A WALKWAY WET FROM RAIN WHICH WAS FALLING AT THE TIME OF THE SLIP AND FALL WAS NOT ACTIONABLE (SECOND DEPT).

The Second Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined the plaintiff did not demonstrate the slip and fall was caused by a dangerous condition. The walkway where plaintiff fell was wet from rain, which was falling at the time:

The mere fact that an outdoor walkway or stairway becomes wet from precipitation is insufficient to establish the existence of a dangerous condition … . Here, the defendants established their prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law by showing that the plaintiff’s slip and fall on the landing of a stairway leading to the entrance of the restaurant occurred solely because that area was wet due to precipitation. Among other things, in support of their motions, the defendants submitted the transcript of plaintiff’s deposition testimony, which indicates that the location where the plaintiff slipped and fell was wet due to the rain that had fallen and was falling at the time of his accident … . Derosa v Zaliv, LLC, 2020 NY Slip Op 07862, Second Dept 12-23-20

 

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PLAINTIFF’S EXPERT’S AFFIDAVIT DID NOT ADDRESS DEFENDANT’S EXPERT’S OPINION THAT NERVE DAMAGE WAS NOT THE RESULT OF DEVIATION FROM THE STANDARD OF CARE; THEREFORE DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT SHOULD HAVE BEEN GRANTED (FOURTH DEPT).

The Fourth Department, reversing Supreme Court, determined plaintiff’s expert’s affidavit did not raise a question of fact in this medical malpractice case:

Although plaintiff submitted a physician’s affidavit in opposition to defendant’s motion, “[g]eneral allegations of medical malpractice, merely conclusory and unsupported by competent evidence tending to establish the essential elements of medical malpractice, are insufficient to defeat [a] defendant physician’s summary judgment motion” … . Where “the expert’s ultimate assertions are . . . unsupported by any evidentiary foundation, . . . [his or her] opinion should be given no probative force and is insufficient to withstand summary judgment” … . Here, plaintiff’s expert did not rebut the opinion in defendant’s affidavit that defendant’s surgical technique was appropriate to the situation in light of the fact that decedent’s lung was adherent to the heart, nor did plaintiff’s expert rebut defendant’s opinion that any possible phrenic nerve damage was the result of stretching caused by traction sutures and did not constitute a deviation from the standard of care. Campbell v Bell-Thomson, 2020 NY Slip Op 07807, Fourth Dept 12-23-20

 

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