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Disciplinary Actions by SUNY School Did Not Violate Student’s Due Process Rights 

In upholding the disciplinary action taken by a SUNY school against a student, the Third Department determined the student’s due process rights had not been violated:

Petitioner’s due  process rights were  not violated in as much as he was given written notice of the charges prior to the hearing, the name of the witness against him, the opportunity to present a defense and have the assistance of an advisor at the hearing, and a statement detailing the factual findings, evidence relied upon and discipline imposed… .  Matter of Schwarzmueller v SUNY Potsdam, et al, 515193, 3rd Dept 4-4-13

COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

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Late Notice of Claim Allowed in Absence of Reasonable Excuse

In affirming the granting of a petition to file a late notice of claim, in spite of the absence of a reasonable excuse for a timely filing, the Second Department wrote:

…[T]he City defendants acquired actual knowledge of the essential facts constituting the claim within 90 days after the claim arose, as indicated by an affidavit from the petitioner, wherein she stated that immediately following her son’s injury, a teacher’s aide took her son to the hospital where he was admitted and underwent surgery, and remained for two weeks. The petitioner further stated that within one month after the incident, she told the dean of the school that she was upset that her son was permitted to play tackle football without safety equipment during gym class, and that she wanted to make a claim against the school … . Furthermore, the City defendants would not be substantially prejudiced in their ability to maintain a defense. Although the petitioner failed to provide a reasonable excuse for failing to timely serve a notice of claim, under the circumstances of this case, that is not fatal to the petition … .   Matter of McLeod v City of New York, 2013 NY Slip Op 02251, 2012-03238, Index No 25950/11, 2nd Dept 4-3-13

 

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Religious Holidays in Teachers’ Collective Bargaining Agreement Violate the Establishment Clause 

A provision in a collective bargaining agreement that allowed teachers to take up to five religious holidays as paid days off was deemed unconstitutional by the Second Department:

“There is no firmer or more settled principle of Establishment Clause jurisprudence than that prohibiting the use of the State’s power to force one to profess a religious belief” … . Here, the clear wording of the religious holidays provision rewarded members of the Association who claimed to be religiously observant with more paid days off than those afforded to agnostics, atheists, and members who were less observant. As a result, the religious holidays provision violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment of the United States Constitution … .   Matter of Board of Educ … v Mineola Teachers Assn, 2013 NY Slip Op 02070, 2011-11373, Index No 7359/11, 2nd Dept 3-27-13

 

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Assault by Another Student—Question Whether School District Had Notice of Dangerous Conduct Precluded Summary Judgment to Plaintiff

In reversing the trial court’s grant of summary judgment to the plaintiff on the issue of liability, the Second Department determined there was a question of fact concerning whether the defendant school district adequately supervised students (the plaintiff was assaulted by another student):

“Schools are under a duty to adequately supervise the students in their charge and they will be held liable for foreseeable injuries proximately related to the absence of adequate supervision” … . “In determining whether the duty to provide adequate supervision has been breached in the context of injuries caused by the acts of fellow students, it must be established that school authorities had sufficiently specific knowledge or notice of the dangerous conduct which caused injury; that is, that the third-party acts could reasonably have been anticipated” … . Braunstein v Half Hollow Hills Cent. Sch. Dist., 2013 NY Slip Op 02039, 2012-04442, Inex No 23108/09, 2nd Dept. 3-27-13

THIRD PARTY ASSAULT

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10-Year-Old Plaintiff’s Testimony Should Have Been Considered—No Need for Hearing to Determine Testimonial Capacity

The trial court’s determination the testimony of the 10-year-old plaintiff at a 50-h hearing should not be considered because there was no hearing to determine the infant plaintiff’s testimonial capacity was reversed by the Second Department.  “None of the parties challenged the infant plaintiff’s capacity to testify.  Under the circumstances, neither the infant plaintiff’s age nor his responses to the questioning necessitated a hearing.”  Perez v City of New York, 2012-03711, Index No 3451/10, 2nd Dept. 3-6-13

 

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CPLR 7511 Review of Compulsory Arbitration Under the Education Law

The First Department explained and applied the principles of a CPLR 7511 review of a hearing officer’s determination after compulsory arbitration pursuant to the Education Law. The case concerned allegations of inappropriate touching of students by a tenured school librarian.  In affirming the hearing officer’s findings and penalty, the Court noted that “ ‘ where the parties have submitted to compulsory arbitration, judicial scrutiny is stricter than that for a determination rendered where the parties have submitted to voluntary arbitration’ … . [T]he determination must be in accord with due process and supported by adequate evidence, and must also be rational and satisfy the arbitrary and capricious standards of CPLR article 78’ …”.  In re Ash v New York City Board/Dept of Education, 8655, 108528/10 1st Dept. 3-5-13

 

 

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Primary Assumption of Risk Precludes Student’s Sports-Related Lawsuit.

The “primary assumption of risk” doctrine precluded a student baseball player’s lawsuit against his school where the student was struck in the face by a baseball “that had been hit on the ground with a fungo bat.”  O’Connor vs Hewlett-Woodmere Union Free School District, 2-12-04146, Index No. 021556/09, Second Dept. 2-27-13

 

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residency requirements for school district employees are enforceable.

The Court of Appeals, in a full-fledged opinion by Judge Read, determined the requirement that employees of the School District of the City of Niagara Falls reside in the City of Niagara Falls serves a legitimate purpose and is not related to job performance. Therefore, only notice and an opportunity to respond to the allegation of a violation of the requirement are necessary to comply with due process. Matter of Beck-Nichols v Bianco, 2013 NY Slip Op 01015 [20 NY3d 540], CtApp, 2-19-13

 

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Full-Time Employment, No Matter How It Is Labeled, Counted Toward Teacher Seniority.

In a full-fledged opinion by Justice Peradotto, the Fourth Department determined that a teacher, for seniority purposes, deserved credit for the entire period during which she taught full-time, no matter how the type of employment was labeled (per diem, substitute, probationary, etc.). Although the teacher technically was asked to “resign” until she passed a particular exam, the fact that she continued to work full-time under in a different employee-category was determinative.  Matter of Alessi vs Board of Education, Wilson School District, et al, 1380, CA 12-0119 Fourth Dept. 2-8-13

 

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Arbitrator’s Rulings Largely Unreviewable

An arbitrator’s interpretation of a collective bargaining agreement was vacated by the trial court.  The Fourth Department reversed and confirmed the arbitration award.  The decision includes a substantive discussion of the criteria that must be met before an arbitration award can be disturbed by a court.   “[A]n arbitrator’s rulings, unlike a trial court’s, are largely unreviewable…”.  An arbitrator’s interpretation of a contract may be set aside “only if the [arbitrator] gave a completely irrational construction to the provisions in dispute and, in effect, made a new contract for the parties…”.  Matter of the Arbitration between Professional, Clerical, Technical, Employees Association and Board of Education for Buffalo City School District, 1317, CA 12-01143 Fourth Dept. 2-1-13

 

 

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