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Family Court Has Power to Issue Judgment for Child Support Arrearages

After Family Court ruled it did not have jurisdiction to issue a judgment for child support arrearages, the Third Department determined that the court did in fact have jurisdiction.   In a full-fledged opinion by Justice Peters, the Third Department wrote:

While “Family Court is a court of limited jurisdiction, constrained to exercise only those powers granted to it by the State Constitution or by statute” …, it is empowered “to determine applications to modify or enforce judgments and orders of support” … .In that regard, petitioner [child support collection unit] is authorized to commence violation proceedings “on behalf of persons” who receive child support pursuant to a court order … .  *  *  *

Petitioner thus acted well within its statutory authority in commencing this proceeding to enforce a child support order that respondent had “fail[ed] to obey,”  and  Family  Court  likewise had  subject  matter  jurisdiction to consider it… .  In the Matter of Chemung County Support Collection Unit…v Greenfield, 515864, 3rd Dept, 5-30-13

 

 

 

A Default Judgment Not Supported by “Proof of the Facts Constituting the Claim” as Required by CPLR 3215 (f) Is Not a Nullity​

In a full-fledged opinion by Judge Smith, the Court of Appeals determined that the failure to file “proof of the facts constituting the claim” (as required by CPLR 3215(f)) in an application for a default judgment is not a jurisdictional defect that renders a default judgment a nullity.  The Court wrote:

…[T]he word “jurisdiction” is often loosely used. But in applying the principle “that a judgment rendered without subject matter jurisdiction is void, and that the defect may be raised at any time and may not be waived” …, it is necessary to understand the word in its strict, narrow sense. So understood, it refers to objections that are “fundamental to the power of adjudication of a court” …. “Lack of jurisdiction” should not be used to mean merely “that elements of a cause of action are absent” …, but that the matter before the court was not the kind of matter on which the court had power to rule.

The defect in the default judgment before us is not jurisdictional in this sense. A failure to submit the proof required by CPLR 3215(f) should lead a court to deny an application for a default judgment, but a court that does not comply with this rule has merely committed an error — it has not usurped a power it does not have. The error can be corrected by the means provided by law — i.e., by an application for relief from the judgment pursuant to CPLR 5015. It does not justify treating the judgment as a nullity.  Manhattan Telecommunications Corporation v H & A Locksmith, Inc…, No 118,CtApp, 5-30-13

 

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Injury Not Connected to Accident; Motion to Set Aside Should Have Been Granted

In reversing Supreme Court and finding the motion to set aside the verdict should have been granted, the court determined there was no valid line of reasoning that led to the conclusion plaintiff’s serious injury was related to the car accident at issue:

Here, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, no valid line of reasoning and permissible inferences could possibly lead rational persons to conclude that the plaintiff’s alleged serious injury was causally related to the subject automobile accident. Given the evidence of the plaintiff’s previous injuries and degenerative condition at the time of the subject accident in 2005, the opinion of the plaintiff’s expert, who first started treating the plaintiff nearly three years after the subject accident, that the plaintiff’s injuries, as observed in 2008, were causally related to the subject accident in 2005, was speculative. Accordingly, the Supreme Court should have granted that branch of the defendants’ motion which was pursuant to CPLR 4404 to set aside the jury verdict on the issue of damages and for judgment as a matter of law on the issue of serious injury. McDonald v Kohanfars, 2013 NY Slip Op 03821, 2nd Dept, 5-29-13

TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

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Submission of Affidavit of Merit in Reply Improper​

In reversing the vacation of the dismissal of a medical malpractice action, the Second Department noted that it was improper to submit an affidavit of merit from a medical expert in reply papers:

The assertion of the plaintiff’s counsel that he incorrectly calendared the date on which the note of issue was due amounted to a reasonable excuse of law office failure…. However, the plaintiff failed to provide in her initial moving papers an affidavit of merit from a medical expert competent to attest to the meritorious nature of the cause of action alleging medical malpractice…. It was improper for the plaintiff to submit an affidavit of merit from a medical expert for the first time in her reply papers….  King v Dobriner, 2013 NY Slip Op 03817, 2nd Dept., 5-29-13

 

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Unsigned Depositions Admissible

In ruling that both defendant’s and plaintiff’s unsigned deposition transcripts could be considered in slip and fall summary judgment motion, the Second Department wrote:

Contrary to the plaintiff’s contention, the Supreme Court properly considered the deposition transcripts submitted in support of the motion. The unsigned but certified deposition of the defendant was admissible under CPLR 3116(a), since the transcript was submitted by the party deponent himself and, therefore, was adopted as accurate by the deponent…. Additionally, in reply to the plaintiff’s opposition, the defendant submitted evidence which showed that the plaintiff’s certified deposition transcript had been submitted to her for review, but that she failed to sign and return it within 60 days. Thus, the plaintiff’s deposition transcript was properly used as fully as though it were signed…. Moreover, this evidence demonstrating the defendant’s compliance with CPLR 3116(a) was properly considered in reply because it was submitted in direct response to allegations raised for the first time in the plaintiff’s opposition papers…. David v Chong Sun Lee, 2013 NY Slip Op 03811, 2nd Dept, 5-29-13

 

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Hearsay Evidence Can Be Considered in Opposition to Summary Judgment Motion As Long As It Is Not the Only Evidence​

In affirming the denial of defendant’s summary judgment motion where plaintiffs’ complaint alleged defendant coerced decedent into executing estate planning documents, the First Department noted that hearsay evidence may be considered as long as it is not the only evidence offered:

While defendant correctly asserts that plaintiffs submitted certain hearsay evidence in opposition to the summary judgment motion, including certain physician and attorney notes, such hearsay evidence may be considered when submitted in opposition to a summary judgment motion, so long as it is not the only proof submitted …. Here, nonhearsay evidence, including affidavits from the decedent’s friends as well as the decedent’s first daughter, described the contentious nature of the marriage and the decedent’s declining mental health. Moreover, the decedent, who was 83 years old and undisputedly suffered from some degree of cognitive impairment when he signed the documents, initiated this lawsuit during his lifetime and attested, by his verified complaint, to his declining health and defendant’s abusive and coercive conduct.  Plaintiffs further rely on a nonhearsay affidavit from a forensic document examiner that concluded that the decedent’s signature was forged on the retainer letter, possibly by defendant, as additional evidence that defendant coerced the decedent into retaining counsel to execute these documents and did not want the decedent to have separate counsel in the event of any conflict. All of this raises triable issues of fact whether defendant wielded sufficient influence over the decedent to overcome his free will …. Bishop v Maurer, 2013 NY Slip Op 03771, 1st Dept, 5-28-13

 

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Subpoena Can Not Be Used for Discovery Purposes​

The Second Department noted that a subpoena duces tecum may not be used for discovery purposes:

“[A] subpoena duces tecum may not be used for purposes of discovery or to ascertain the existence of evidence”…. Here, the subpoena duces tecum served by the defendants improperly sought production of certain materials that the defendants had failed to seek during the discovery process, or that had previously been the subject of an unsuccessful motion to compel disclosure. Under these circumstances, the Supreme Court properly granted the separate motions of the plaintiff and the third-party defendant to quash the subpoena duces tecum … . Wahab v Agris & Brenner, LLC, 2013 NY Slip Op 03667, 2nd Dept, 5-22-13

 

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Expert’s Affidavit Should Have Been Considered in Summary Judgment Motion Even though Expert Had Not Been Disclosed​

In a slip and fall case, the defendant moved for summary judgment.  Because the plaintiff’s expert had not been previously disclosed, Supreme Court refused to consider the expert’s affidavit.  In reversing, the Second Department wrote:

 “[A] party’s failure to disclose its experts pursuant to CPLR 3101(d)(1)(i) prior to the filing of a note of issue and certificate of readiness does not divest a court of the discretion to consider an affirmation or affidavit submitted by that party’s experts in the context of a timely motion for summary judgment” …. Under the circumstances of this case, it was an improvident exercise of discretion to refuse to consider the affidavit of the plaintiff’s expert submitted in opposition to the respondents’ motion … . Salcedo v Weng Qu Ju, 2013 NY Slip Op 03656, 2nd Dept, 5-22-13

 

Consolidation and Joint Trial Explained​

The Second Department explained the criteria for a motion to consolidate and explained when consolidation, as opposed to joining two actions for trial, is not appropriate:

“A motion to consolidate two or more actions rests within the sound discretion of the trial court” (… see CPLR 602). “Where common questions of law or fact exist, consolidation is warranted unless the opposing party demonstrates prejudice to a substantial right” … . * * *

…[A]ctions should be joined for trial, rather than consolidated, [when] certain parties would appear as both the plaintiff and the defendant if the actions were consolidated, and the actions involve certain different defendants … .  Matter of Joseph J, 2013 NY Slip Pp. 03676, 2nd Dept, 5-22-13

 

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Unsigned Depositions Deemed Admissible

In a Labor Law action stemming from a fall through an open manhole, the plaintiffs submitted transcripts of one the plaintiff’s deposition testimony as part of plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment on liability. Supreme Court denied plaintiffs’ motion on the ground that the certified deposition transcripts submitted by them were not signed.  In determining that Supreme Court should not have denied plaintiffs’ motion on that ground, the Second Department wrote:

By submitting the transcript of [plaintiff’s] deposition, the plaintiffs adopted it as accurate …. Further, the … defendants … did not challenge the accuracy of any of the transcripts submitted by the plaintiffs …. Consequently, those deposition transcripts were admissible ….  Carey v Five Bros, Inc, 2013 NY Slip Op 03626, 2nd Dept. 5-22-13

 

 

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