You are here: / Claim Re: Ownership of Real Property Precluded by Laches Defense

Search Results

/ ,

Claim Re: Ownership of Real Property Precluded by Laches Defense

The Second Department determined a counterclaim was properly dismissed pursuant to the laches defense.  The counterclaim alleged that a mortgage was void because the property passed by operation of law to the defendants upon the death of the property owner in 1988.  The defense of laches in this context was explained as follows:

“The essence of the equitable defense of laches is prejudicial delay in the assertion of rights” … . ” To establish laches, a party must show: (1) conduct by an offending party giving rise to the situation complained of, (2) delay by the complainant in asserting his or her claim for relief despite the opportunity to do so, (3) lack of knowledge or notice on the part of the offending party that the complainant would assert his or her claim for relief, and (4) injury or prejudice to the offending party in the event that relief is accorded the complainant'” … . “In order for laches to apply to the failure of an owner of real property to assert his or her interest, it must be shown that [the]; plaintiff inexcusably failed to act when [he or]; she knew, or should have known, that there was a problem with [his or]; her title to the property. In other words, for there to be laches, there must be present elements to create an equitable estoppel'” … . ” Equitable estoppel arises when a property owner stands by without objection while an opposing party asserts an ownership interest in the property and incurs expense in reliance on that belief. The property owner must inexcusably delay in asserting a claim to the property, knowing that the opposing party has changed . . . position to his [or her ]; irreversible detriment'” … . “Moreover, as the effect of delay may be critical to an adverse party, delays of even less than one year have been sufficient to warrant the application of the defense” … . Deutsche Bank Natl Trust Co v Joseph, 2014 NY Slip Op 03794, 2nd Dept 5-28-14

 

/ ,

Case Summary by Board of Examiners of Sex Offenders and Sworn Felony Complaint Constitute Clear and Convincing Evidence in a SORA Proceeding

The Second Department determined the case summary provided by the Board of Examiners of Sex Offenders and the sworn felony complaint provided clear and convincing evidence of continuing sexual misconduct against the victim:

In establishing a defendant’s risk level pursuant to the Sex Offender Registration Act (hereinafter SORA) (see Correction Law art 6-C), the People bear the burden of establishing, by clear and convincing evidence, the facts supporting the determinations sought (see Correction Law § 168-n[3]; Sex Offender Registration Act: Risk Assessment Guidelines and Commentary at 5 [2006]…). ” In assessing points, evidence may be derived from . . . the victim’s statements, evaluative reports completed by the supervising probation officer, parole officer, or corrections counselor, case summaries prepared by the Board of Examiners of Sex Offenders . . . or any other reliable source, including reliable hearsay'” … .

Here, the case summary and the sworn felony complaint constituted “reliable hearsay” (Correction Law § 168-n[3]…)  and provided clear and convincing evidence to warrant the assessment of 20 points under risk factor four, for engaging in a continuing course of sexual misconduct against the victim … .  People v Patronick, 2014 NY Slip Op 03816, 2nd Dept 5-28-14

 

/ ,

Evidence Defendant Had Victimized Other Children Justified Upward Departure in SORA Proceeding

The Second Department determined that clear and convincing evidence defendant had victimized other children justified an upward departure in the SORA proceeding:

…[T]he court’s classification of the defendant as a level three sex offender was justified. The People proved by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant had engaged in sexual misconduct with children other than the child whose victimization led to the defendant’s conviction. This constituted aggravating factors of a kind not otherwise taken into account by the guidelines that warranted an upward departure to level three … . People v DeJesus, 2014 NY Slip Op 03815, 2nd Dept 5-28-14

 

/

“Serious Physical Injury” Element of Gang Assault Not Supported by Legally Sufficient Evidence

The Second Department determined the evidence of the “serious physical injury” element of the gang assault charge was not supported by legally sufficient evidence:

The defendant challenges his conviction of gang assault in the first degree, asserting that the People failed to present legally sufficient evidence that [the victim] suffered a “serious physical injury,” which is defined as “physical injury which creates a substantial risk of death, or which causes death or serious and protracted disfigurement, protracted impairment of health or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily organ” (Penal Law § 10.00[10]). * * *

Although [the victim] was stabbed in the right flank, his wounds required no stitches, and there was no evidence that he suffered any permanent damage to his kidney, which suffered a small laceration. Moreover, when he was examined, [the victim] was oriented and alert, able to converse, and had normal vital signs and blood pressure. Further, the only evidence of protracted disfigurement or impairment of health was that he had a scar, which the jury saw, and that he felt pain on the scar. The record, however, includes no description of the scar or what, if any, limitations [the victim] suffered as a result of his injury. Thus, the People failed to adduce legally sufficient evidence that [the victim] suffered a “serious physical injury” within the meaning of Penal Law § 10.00(10), which is an element of gang assault in the first degree … . People v Mazariego, 2014 NY Slip Op 03863, 2nd Dept 5-28-14

 

/ ,

English Judgment Enforceable by New York Courts Without Demonstration of Subject Matter Jurisdiction or Ownership of Property in New York

The First Department determined a judgment rendered in England was enforceable by New York courts without any need to demonstrate subject matter jurisdiction over the underlying matter or the ownership of property in New York.  In addition, the court noted that the imposition of post-judgment interest on the foreign judgment by New York courts was found appropriate:

…New York adopted the Uniform Foreign Country Money-Judgments Recognition Act as CPLR article 53 …, which was intended to codify and clarify existing case law applicable to the recognition of foreign country money judgments based on principles of international comity, “and, more importantly, to promote the efficient enforcement of New York judgments abroad by assuring foreign jurisdictions that their judgments would receive streamlined enforcement here” … .

Generally, a foreign country judgment is “conclusive between the parties to the extent that it grants or denies recovery of a sum of money” (CPLR 5303), “unless a ground for nonrecognition under CPLR 5304 is applicable” … . CPLR 5304(a) provides that “[a]; foreign country judgment is not conclusive if the judgment was rendered under a system which does not provide impartial tribunals or procedures compatible with the requirements of due process of law” (subd [1]) or “the foreign court did not have personal jurisdiction over the defendant” (subd [2]). CPLR 5304(b) permits nonrecognition on eight other grounds. Significantly, “in proceeding under article 53, the judgment creditor does not seek any new relief against the judgment debtor, but instead merely asks the court to perform its ministerial function of recognizing the foreign country money judgment and converting it into a New York judgment” … . Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank PJSC v Saad Trading, 2014 NY Slip Op 03767, 1st Dept 5-27-14

 

/ ,

The Availability of Pre-Suit Discovery in a Shareholder Derivative Action is a Substantive, Not a Procedural, Issue—The Law in the State Where the Corporation Is Chartered Controls

The First Department, in a full-fledged opinion by Justice Moskowitz, determined the law surrounding a corporation’s refusal to answer a pre-suit discovery demand in a purported shareholder derivative action is a matter of substantive law, not procedural law.  Therefore, under New York choice of law rules, the law of Delaware, where the corporation was chartered, applied.  Under Delaware law “plaintiffs in a derivative sure are not entitled to discovery to assist their compliance with the particularized pleading requirement … in the case of a demand refusal.”  The motion to compel discovery was properly denied and the motion to dismiss the amended complaint was properly granted.   Lerner v Prince, 2014 NY Slip Op 03763, 1st Dept 5-22-14

 

/ ,

Criteria for Reformation of a Deed (Removing a Restrictive Covenant) Not Met

The Third Department explained the criteria for reformation of a document, in this case a deed.  The court determined that the plaintiff, who was seeking to have a restrictive covenant removed from a deed, did not demonstrate the criteria for reformation of the deed.  The criteria were described as follows:

“A party seeking reformation must establish, by clear and convincing evidence, that the writing in question was executed under mutual mistake or unilateral mistake coupled with fraud” … . The burden is on the proponent of reformation to establish, by clear and convincing evidence, that the relief is warranted … .

Here, it is undisputed that the deed’s restrictive covenant was not set forth in the contract of sale and Salenger testified that he first became aware of it when he received the deed after the closing. Thus, plaintiff established the existence of a unilateral mistake regarding whether the restrictive covenant was intended to be included as a condition of the sale. Nonetheless, plaintiff’s proof fell short of establishing fraud on decedent’s part, which requires “‘a misrepresentation that is false and that the defendant knows is false, made to induce the other party to rely on it, justifiable reliance on the misrepresentation by the other party, and injury'” … . Timber Rattlesnake LLC v Devine, 2014 NY Slip Op 03718, 3rd Dept 5-22-14

 

/ ,

Loss of Small Portion of Stenographic Record Did Not Require Reversal

The First Department noted that the loss of some of the stenographic minutes of a trial did not require reversal. The trial court had conducted a reconstruction hearing:

The loss of a relatively small portion of the stenographic record does not require reversal of defendants’ convictions … . The court conducted a reconstruction hearing at which various participants in the trial presented their recollections, to the extent possible, of the brief portions of the trial for which minutes are not available. When viewed in light of the presumption of regularity (id. at 796), the facts adduced at the reconstruction hearing regarding the missing pages support an inference that the missing minutes would not have revealed any significant appellate issues. People v Negron, 2014 NY Slip Op 03752, 1st Dept 5-22-14

 

/

Verdict Properly Set Aside—Theory of Liability Alleged at Trial Altered the Theory of Liability Alleged in Notice of Claim

The First Department determined a plaintiff’s verdict was properly set aside because the theory of liability advanced at trial differed from that described in the Notice of Claim:

The trial court correctly set aside the jury’s verdict because the evidence presented at trial substantially altered the theory of liability set forth in the notice of claim. While the change of location of the accident was not itself substantive, we find the additional testimony, i.e., that the decedent’s injuries were caused by Lewis’ failure to stop at a stop sign or a blinking red light, was not alleged in the notice of claim, and thereby substantially altered the nature of the claim. Further, plaintiff’s time to amend the notice of claim to assert that theory has expired (see General Municipal Law § 50-i[1]…). Contrary to plaintiff’s contention, defendants were not required to demonstrate that their investigation was prejudiced, because plaintiff never sought to amend her notice of claim pursuant to General Municipal Law § 50-e(6)… . Davis v New York City Tr Auth, 2014 NY Slip Op 03743, 1st Dept 5-22-14

 

Categories

Sign Up for the Mailing List to Be Notified When the Site Is Updated.

  • This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

Copyright © 2026 New York Appellate Digest, Inc.
Site by CurlyHost | Privacy Policy